【摘要】：陀思妥耶夫斯基不僅是一位偉大的作家,更是天才的辯證論者。他的作品《地下室手記》是作者從外部環(huán)境描述到人物內(nèi)心探索的轉(zhuǎn)折性作品。本文嘗試將《地下室手記》中地下人看做非英雄形象來探究陀思妥耶夫斯基作品中所蘊(yùn)含的心理學(xué)以及哲學(xué)思想。引文部分主要介紹國內(nèi)外各個階段對于《地下室手記》的研究歷史和現(xiàn)狀,闡釋本論文的研究意義、研究任務(wù)、研究方法。第一章主要是對“非英雄”進(jìn)行分析。以時間為序描述了世界文學(xué)中英雄的沒落到非英雄的崛起這一現(xiàn)象。并且提出了俄羅斯式的“非英雄”形象在《地下室手記》中的體現(xiàn)。第二章分析地下人出現(xiàn)的原因。對于陀思妥耶夫斯基創(chuàng)作思想的轉(zhuǎn)變,我們認(rèn)為應(yīng)從作家的人生經(jīng)歷、社會歷史背景以及個人因素來討論。第三章是本文的主要部分。從心理學(xué)以及存在主義哲學(xué)兩個方面對于地下人做了詳細(xì)的分析。第一部分運(yùn)用弗洛伊德的有關(guān)觀點(diǎn),從本我、自我和超我,生死本能,道德焦慮三個方面展開討論。在第二部分中我們首先從地下人對理性的反抗入手,得出地下人追求的是隨心所欲的自由。從而進(jìn)一步闡釋“這自由中埋藏著死亡的種子,是生命中不能承受之輕”的觀點(diǎn)。結(jié)論部分主要概述了本論文的基本觀點(diǎn),研究上的不足以及研究前景。迄今為止,我們?nèi)栽谠噲D通過作品來了解陀思妥耶夫斯基的深刻思想。而“注釋的五花八門并非取決于陀思妥耶夫斯基在表述其理念時的某種不清晰性,而是相反,取決于其理念的復(fù)雜性和深刻性”(1)。希望本文能對《地下室手記》的進(jìn)一步研究有所借鑒。
[Abstract]:Dostoevsky is not only a great writer, but also a genius dialectic. His work, "Notes in the basement", is a turning point from the description of the external environment to the inner exploration of the characters. This paper attempts to explore the psychological and philosophical ideas contained in Dostoevsky's works by treating the underground man as a non-hero in Notes in the basement. The citation part mainly introduces the history and present situation of the research on the basement notes at various stages at home and abroad, explains the research significance, research task and research methods of this paper. The first chapter is the analysis of non-hero. This paper describes the phenomenon of the decline of heroes to the rise of non-heroes in world literature in the order of time. And put forward the Russian-style "non-hero" image in the basement notes. The second chapter analyzes the causes of underground people. As for the change of Dostoevsky's creative thought, we should discuss the writer's life experience, social and historical background and personal factors. The third chapter is the main part of this paper. This paper makes a detailed analysis of underground people from two aspects of psychology and existential philosophy. The first part uses Freud's views to discuss the ego, ego and superego, the instinct of life and death, and moral anxiety. In the second part, we begin with the underground people's resistance to reason, and draw the conclusion that the underground people pursue the freedom of what they want. To further explain the view that the seed of death buried in freedom is the unbearable light of life. The conclusion part mainly summarizes the basic point of view, the deficiency of the research and the research prospect. Up to now, we are still trying to understand Dostoevsky's profound thoughts through his works. "the variety of annotations is not determined by Dostoevsky's ambiguity in expressing his ideas, but on the contrary, by the complexity and profundity of his ideas" (1). It is hoped that this paper can be used for reference in the further study of the basement Notes.
【學(xué)位授予單位】：曲阜師范大學(xué)
【學(xué)位級別】：碩士
【學(xué)位授予年份】：2017
【分類號】：I512.074

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本文編號：2352449