作為歷史主義者的莎士比亞——兼論莎士比亞歷史劇對我們的啟示
發(fā)布時間：2018-11-03 15:09
【摘要】：毫無疑問,莎士比亞首先應(yīng)被當作一位藝術(shù)家,或者更確切地說,一位戲劇藝術(shù)家。但是他同時也應(yīng)被視為一位歷史學家,或一位歷史主義者。說到作為歷史主義者的莎士比亞,我們通常會想到他的《約翰王》、《愛德華三世》、《理查二世》、《亨利四世》、《亨利五世》、《亨利六世》等歷史劇。因為劇作家在這些歷史劇中基于真實的人物創(chuàng)造出一些令人難忘的歷史人物。實際上,如果我們?nèi)骈喿x理解莎士比亞的悲劇、喜劇和歷史劇的話,我們會很容易地發(fā)現(xiàn),他除了取得卓越的藝術(shù)成就外,還扮演了一位歷史主義者的角色。他不僅寫出了一些歷史劇,更重要的是,他的悲劇和喜劇也可以被視為某種形式的歷史劇。雖然從今天的觀點來看,他的戲劇敘述并非總是忠實于真實的歷史記載,但是它們確實是"文本化"或"戲劇化"的歷史敘述。與莎士比亞的歷史劇在西方所受到的重視和研究相比,中國的莎劇研究是很不全面的。但是具有諷刺意味的恰恰是,在今天的中國電視熒屏上,我們卻能常�？吹皆S多基于真實人物的歷史題材電視劇,這些電視劇往往用一種反諷和戲仿的后現(xiàn)代手法對歷史事件和人物加以再現(xiàn),但是成功者卻寥寥無幾。因此我們應(yīng)當說,莎士比亞所扮演的歷史主義者的角色并未得到認可,至少在中國的語境中是如此,盡管他那些卓越的歷史題材的戲劇在某種程度上預(yù)示了中國歷史題材電視劇的興起。
[Abstract]:There is no doubt that Shakespeare should be treated first as an artist, or more precisely as a theatrical artist. But he should also be regarded as a historian, or a historicist. When it comes to Shakespeare as a historicist, we usually think of his historical plays King John, Edward III, Richard II, Henry IV, Henry V, Henry VI. Because playwrights create memorable historical characters based on real characters in these historical plays. In fact, if we read and understand Shakespeare's tragedies, comedies, and historical plays, it is easy to see that, in addition to his outstanding artistic achievements, he plays a role as a historicist. Not only did he write some historical plays, but more importantly, his tragedies and comedies could also be regarded as some form of historical play. Although from today's point of view, his dramatic narratives are not always faithful to the true historical records, they are "textual" or "dramatic" historical narratives. Compared with Shakespeare's historical plays in the West, the study of Shakespeare's plays in China is not comprehensive. But ironically, on today's Chinese television screens, we can often see a lot of historical TV dramas based on real people. These dramas often use a kind of irony and parody of post-modern techniques to reproduce historical events and characters, but few successful. So we should say that Shakespeare's role as a historicist is not recognized, at least in the context of China. Although his preeminent historical dramas heralded the rise of Chinese historical dramas to some extent.
【基金】：作者主持的北京市社會科學重大項目“世界文學與中國現(xiàn)代文學”【項目批號:14ZDA15】的階段性成果
【分類號】：I561.073
，
本文編號：2308151
[Abstract]:There is no doubt that Shakespeare should be treated first as an artist, or more precisely as a theatrical artist. But he should also be regarded as a historian, or a historicist. When it comes to Shakespeare as a historicist, we usually think of his historical plays King John, Edward III, Richard II, Henry IV, Henry V, Henry VI. Because playwrights create memorable historical characters based on real characters in these historical plays. In fact, if we read and understand Shakespeare's tragedies, comedies, and historical plays, it is easy to see that, in addition to his outstanding artistic achievements, he plays a role as a historicist. Not only did he write some historical plays, but more importantly, his tragedies and comedies could also be regarded as some form of historical play. Although from today's point of view, his dramatic narratives are not always faithful to the true historical records, they are "textual" or "dramatic" historical narratives. Compared with Shakespeare's historical plays in the West, the study of Shakespeare's plays in China is not comprehensive. But ironically, on today's Chinese television screens, we can often see a lot of historical TV dramas based on real people. These dramas often use a kind of irony and parody of post-modern techniques to reproduce historical events and characters, but few successful. So we should say that Shakespeare's role as a historicist is not recognized, at least in the context of China. Although his preeminent historical dramas heralded the rise of Chinese historical dramas to some extent.
【基金】：作者主持的北京市社會科學重大項目“世界文學與中國現(xiàn)代文學”【項目批號:14ZDA15】的階段性成果
【分類號】：I561.073
，
本文編號：2308151
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