【摘要】：隨著多元文化的融合與交流,美國黑人文學(xué)逐漸成為美國現(xiàn)實主義文學(xué)的一支重要力量,近年來在文學(xué)界蓬勃發(fā)展。作為當(dāng)代美國黑人文學(xué)的代表作家之一,愛德華· P·瓊斯幾乎獲得了所有知名文學(xué)獎項的垂青,被譽(yù)為繼威廉·福克納和托尼·莫里森之后最受歡迎的黑人作家。他的代表作品《已知的世界》以黑人奴隸主為切入點(diǎn),突破膚色對立和種族意識的局限,再現(xiàn)美國歷史上蓄奴制的復(fù)雜性,從而凸顯人類追求權(quán)力自身殘酷的復(fù)雜性特征。以往的研究多從敘事策略、角色理論、新歷史主義等層面對小說展開分析,研究小說中的敘事手法、邊緣群體的身份建構(gòu)及蓄奴制背景下激化的種族問題等。本文通過文獻(xiàn)研究法,從法國哲學(xué)家�？碌脑捳Z權(quán)力理論視角對貫穿于小說中的話語權(quán)力進(jìn)行分析,目的在于揭示話語權(quán)力如何對個體進(jìn)行規(guī)訓(xùn),個體如何進(jìn)行反抗和顛覆。美國黑人的身份認(rèn)同和自我反思是本論文的落腳點(diǎn)和結(jié)論所在。本論文由五部分組成:第一章為緒論。簡要介紹了作家愛德華·P·瓊斯和小說《已知的世界》,梳理了目前國內(nèi)外對文本的研究現(xiàn)狀,整理了話語的概念、權(quán)力的概念、話語權(quán)力理論的產(chǎn)生、發(fā)展、論文中用到的主要話語權(quán)力形式以及研究目的和意義。第二章結(jié)合�？碌臋�(quán)力理論,總結(jié)了文本中兩種主要的權(quán)力關(guān)系。從看似對立的種族、階層的關(guān)系中揭示存在于其中的權(quán)力關(guān)系,從而凸顯白人與黑人之間、奴隸主與奴隸之間復(fù)雜的權(quán)力關(guān)系,為下文話語權(quán)力的規(guī)訓(xùn)做鋪墊。第三章運(yùn)用分配藝術(shù)以及規(guī)訓(xùn)手段中的層級監(jiān)視、規(guī)范化裁決和檢查理論,結(jié)合存在于文本中的主要話語形式,討論文本中的話語實踐。以話語權(quán)力理論為理論基礎(chǔ),討論文本中出現(xiàn)的兩種主要話語規(guī)訓(xùn)權(quán)力,探究話語權(quán)力對個體身體以及靈魂兩個層面所實施的規(guī)訓(xùn)和懲罰,并列舉在話語權(quán)力規(guī)訓(xùn)和壓迫下,邊緣個體的失語現(xiàn)象。以期展現(xiàn)在權(quán)力關(guān)系爭奪中,占據(jù)權(quán)力一方利用話語權(quán)力對個體所實施的無休止規(guī)訓(xùn)。第四章論述對話語權(quán)力的反抗和顛覆。以個體實例的形式展現(xiàn)四種不同反抗形式,不論哪種形式,都是個體在經(jīng)受話語權(quán)力的規(guī)訓(xùn)下為了追求自由所做出的努力,也是美國黑人在以白人為主的主流話語權(quán)力世界中,為了尋求自我認(rèn)知和身份構(gòu)建的努力和掙扎。第五章就本論文進(jìn)行整體總結(jié)并指出了本論文的局限性和發(fā)展空間。研究結(jié)果發(fā)現(xiàn),在權(quán)力的爭奪中,話語權(quán)力并不總是占據(jù)在某一方手中,而是隨著權(quán)力關(guān)系的轉(zhuǎn)變,呈現(xiàn)出占據(jù)權(quán)力一方對另一方的規(guī)訓(xùn)和懲罰,以期達(dá)到長期占據(jù)權(quán)力的目的;其次,在以白人為主的主流話語權(quán)力世界中,權(quán)力占據(jù)方和弱勢方都承受著權(quán)力的規(guī)訓(xùn),權(quán)力弱勢一方即黑人和奴隸在規(guī)訓(xùn)和懲罰之下表現(xiàn)出了無盡的掙扎和彷徨。
[Abstract]:With the amalgamation and communication of multiculturalism, American black literature has gradually become an important force in American realistic literature and has developed vigorously in literary circles in recent years. As one of the representative writers of contemporary American black literature, Edward P. Jones has won almost all the prestigious literary awards, and is regarded as the most popular black writer after William Faulkner and Tony Morrison. His representative work, the known World, takes the black slave owners as the starting point, breaks through the limitations of color opposition and racial consciousness, and reproduces the complexity of slavery in the history of the United States, thus highlighting the cruel complexity of the pursuit of human power itself. The previous studies have mainly analyzed the novel from the aspects of narrative strategy, role theory and new historicism, studied the narrative techniques in the novel, the identity construction of the marginal group and the racial problem intensified under the background of slavery system, and so on. Through literature research, this paper analyzes discourse power throughout the novel from the perspective of French philosopher Foucault's theory of discourse power. The purpose of this analysis is to reveal how discourse power discipline individuals, how individuals resist and subvert them. The purpose and conclusion of this thesis are the identity and self-reflection of black Americans. This thesis consists of five parts: the first chapter is the introduction. This paper briefly introduces the writer Edward P. Jones and his novel the known World, combs the current research situation of the text at home and abroad, arranges the concept of discourse, the concept of power, the emergence and development of the theory of discourse power. The main forms of discourse power used in the thesis and the purpose and significance of the research. The second chapter summarizes the two main power relations in the text combined with Foucault's power theory. From the seemingly antagonistic race, class relations reveal the existing power relations, thus highlighting the white and black, slave owners and slaves between the complex power relationship, for the following discourse of the discipline of power to pave the way. The third chapter discusses the discourse practice in the text by applying the theory of hierarchical monitoring, normative adjudication and checking in the art of distribution and the means of discipline. Combined with the main discourse forms in the text, chapter three discusses the practice of discourse in the text. Based on the theory of discourse power, this paper discusses the two main kinds of discourse discipline power in the text, probes into the discipline and punishment of discourse power on both the body and soul levels of the individual, and enumerates it under the discipline and oppression of the discourse power. Aphasia of marginal individuals. In order to show in the struggle for power relations, the occupying party uses discourse power to implement endless discipline on individuals. Chapter four discusses the resistance and subversion to discourse power. Showing four different forms of resistance in the form of individual examples, regardless of which form, are the efforts made by individuals to pursue freedom under the discipline of discourse power, and are also the mainstream discourse power world in which blacks in the United States are mainly white. Efforts and struggles to seek self-recognition and identity building. The fifth chapter summarizes the whole thesis and points out the limitations and development space of this paper. The results show that discourse power is not always in the hands of one party in the struggle for power, but with the change of power relationship, it shows the discipline and punishment of one party to the other. In order to achieve the goal of occupying power for a long time; Secondly, in the mainstream discourse power world dominated by white people, both the power occupying party and the weak side are subject to the discipline of power, and the weak power side, black and slave, under discipline and punishment, shows endless struggle and loss.
【學(xué)位授予單位】：華北電力大學(xué)
【學(xué)位級別】：碩士
【學(xué)位授予年份】：2017
【分類號】：I712.074

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