【摘要】：黑人女作家托尼·莫里森自20世紀(jì)80年代以來創(chuàng)作了一系列小說,包括《寵兒》、《爵士樂》和《樂園》等,把對(duì)黑人問題的思考和探討推向了更高的巔峰。她非常關(guān)注黑人的精神世界和身份歸屬問題,尤其是飽受創(chuàng)傷折磨卻沒有話語權(quán)的小人物。作為莫里森的第六部長(zhǎng)篇小說,《爵士樂》遵循了莫里森一貫的創(chuàng)作宗旨,采用簡(jiǎn)單的故事描摹復(fù)雜的人性,通過描寫一段三角戀故事,記錄了小說人物在黑人重建時(shí)期的創(chuàng)傷經(jīng)歷,寫出解放后的黑人如何掙脫噩夢(mèng)般的過去和心靈壓抑,在當(dāng)今艱難困苦的物質(zhì)和精神生活中重建肉體及精神家園的心理蛻變和新生過程。小說描寫了黑人個(gè)體和群體的生存狀態(tài),旨在通過個(gè)體人物來管窺黑人群體所背負(fù)的沉重歷史創(chuàng)傷,但她所關(guān)注的并非是簡(jiǎn)單再現(xiàn)黑人的苦難史,而是試圖為飽受創(chuàng)傷折磨的黑人尋找一條出路。她強(qiáng)調(diào)黑人的自我接納和調(diào)適,呼吁黑人直面創(chuàng)傷歷史,依靠自我和黑人社區(qū)實(shí)現(xiàn)自救�！毒羰繕贰返闹魅斯敲绹�(guó)黑人群體的縮影,他們的個(gè)人創(chuàng)傷恰恰代表了20世紀(jì)20年代哈勒姆時(shí)期美國(guó)黑人群體所遭受的集體創(chuàng)傷,主要體現(xiàn)在黑人與白人之間的種族歧視,白人主導(dǎo)的社會(huì)環(huán)境中黑人傳統(tǒng)文化的遺失以及由此產(chǎn)生的雙重意識(shí)和個(gè)人集體身份的迷失。因此,本論文從創(chuàng)傷理論的角度對(duì)《爵士樂》中的人物進(jìn)行分析,探討其受創(chuàng)的癥狀、原因以及恢復(fù),然后試圖研究作者對(duì)受創(chuàng)傷的個(gè)體和民族的創(chuàng)傷的態(tài)度及看法。本文共有五章組成。第一章簡(jiǎn)要介紹了莫里森的生平和寫作特點(diǎn),以及《爵士樂》的內(nèi)容梗概,綜述了國(guó)內(nèi)外的研究文獻(xiàn)以及本文的基本觀點(diǎn)。第二章為理論基礎(chǔ),論述了創(chuàng)傷理論的定義、發(fā)展過程及其在文學(xué)評(píng)論中的應(yīng)用。第三章以分析《爵士樂》的主要人物維奧萊特、喬和多卡絲的創(chuàng)傷為主線,試圖通過人物的創(chuàng)傷表現(xiàn),找出隱藏在背后的原因。第四章闡述了《爵士樂》中人物創(chuàng)傷的恢復(fù)。只有依靠自我的努力和黑人社區(qū)的幫助,從而重新建立與他人和世界的聯(lián)系,直面創(chuàng)傷歷史,才能重塑真實(shí)的自我,從創(chuàng)傷中恢復(fù)。第五章為結(jié)論,總結(jié)創(chuàng)傷理論在分析小說文本中的應(yīng)用,豐富了讀者解讀文學(xué)文本的視角。
[Abstract]:Black female writer Tony Morrison has written a series of novels since the 1980s, including beloved, Jazz and Paradise, which has pushed the thinking and discussion of black problems to a higher peak. She is very concerned about the spiritual world and identity of black people, especially the traumatized little people who have no right to speak. As Morrison's sixth novel, Jazz follows Morrison's consistent creative philosophy, using simple stories to describe complex human nature, and by describing a love triangle. Documenting the traumatic experiences of the characters during the reconstruction of the Negro, and writing about how the Negro after liberation broke free from the nightmare of the past and the depression of the mind. The process of psychological transformation and renewal in the reconstruction of physical and spiritual homes in today's difficult material and spiritual life. The novel depicts the living conditions of black individuals and groups, and aims to peep at the heavy historical trauma borne by black groups through individual characters, but her concern is not simply to reproduce the suffering history of blacks. It was trying to find a way out for traumatized blacks. She stressed the self-acceptance and adjustment of black people, called on blacks to face the traumatic history and rely on themselves and the black community to achieve self-salvation. The protagonist of "Jazz" is the epitome of the black American community. Their personal trauma represents the collective trauma suffered by the American black community during the Harlem era in the 1920s, mainly reflected in racial discrimination between blacks and whites. The loss of black traditional culture and the loss of individual collective identity in the white dominated social environment. Therefore, this paper analyzes the characters in Jazz from the perspective of trauma theory, discusses the symptoms, causes and recovery of the trauma, and then attempts to study the author's attitude and views on the trauma of the injured individual and nation. There are five chapters in this paper. The first chapter briefly introduces Morrison's life and writing characteristics, as well as the outline of Jazz, summarizes the domestic and foreign research literature and the basic viewpoints of this paper. The second chapter discusses the definition, development and application of trauma theory in literary criticism. The third chapter analyzes the trauma of Violet Joe and Dorcas in Jazz and tries to find out the hidden reasons through the wound performance of the characters. The fourth chapter expounds the recovery of character trauma in Jazz. Only with the help of the self and the help of the black community can we rebuild our true self and recover from the trauma by re-establishing the connection with others and the world and facing up to the traumatic history. Chapter five summarizes the application of trauma theory in the analysis of novel texts, which enriches the readers' perspective of reading literary texts.
【學(xué)位授予單位】：上海師范大學(xué)
【學(xué)位級(jí)別】：碩士
【學(xué)位授予年份】：2017
【分類號(hào)】：I712.074

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