本文選題：《老無所依》 + 科馬克·麥卡錫　； 參考：《華中師范大學》2016年碩士論文

【摘要】：科馬克·麥卡錫為美國當代著名作家。自1965年其第一部小說《果園守門人》問世以來,麥卡錫已出版十部小說,他的許多作品都反映出對美國歷史以及現(xiàn)代人生存困境的思考�！独蠠o所依》是麥卡錫出版于2005年的一部作品,該小說以20世紀80年代的美墨邊境為背景,以三位主人公之間展開的追逐為主線,通過一位老年人的視角,展現(xiàn)了后現(xiàn)代西部社會的混亂狀態(tài),與回憶中的傳統(tǒng)社會形成強烈反差。小說內容真實映照了20世紀美國社會現(xiàn)實,反映了作者本人對歷史及社會問題的關照。本文著眼于《老無所依》中所呈現(xiàn)的新舊時代之間的種種沖突,并進一步分析沖突產生的原因,探究麥卡錫展現(xiàn)時代沖突的真實意圖。本論文由五部分構成。第一章主要介紹科馬克·麥卡錫生平、創(chuàng)作經歷與成就以及作品《老無所依》的主要內容與風格,并梳理有關科馬克·麥卡錫及《老無所依》的國內外研究現(xiàn)狀,闡述本論文的研究方法與研究目的。第二章集中分析了小說中新舊時代沖突的具體體現(xiàn)。首先,在價值觀方面,傳統(tǒng)西部精神在金錢崇拜的沖擊下逐漸消失；人們對戰(zhàn)爭的態(tài)度逐漸由支持轉為反對。其次,在社會準則方面,作為傳統(tǒng)社會力量的法律被暴力所壓制；道德取向在政治選擇中的傳統(tǒng)作用被政治宣傳所取代。最后,本章分別從撫養(yǎng)子女、老年生活以及婚姻關系三個方面討論了新舊時代在家庭倫理方面的不同態(tài)度。第三章主要探討小說中沖突產生的原因,分別從社會層面與心理層面分析了小說中當代社會的墮落。在社會背景方面,反叛的60年代帶來的社會問題挑戰(zhàn)著傳統(tǒng)的社會秩序；在越南戰(zhàn)爭的陰影下,社會問題繼續(xù)惡化；混亂的邊境地帶則直接造成了當代社會的墮落。在心理層面,病態(tài)的人性是造成當代社會變化的主要原因。異化的消費過程加大了人們對金錢的渴望,同時也影響著政治領域,人們被政治宣傳所操縱；而當代社會的信仰缺失同樣也是小說中現(xiàn)代人墮落的內在原因。第四章致力于討論麥卡錫于《老無所依》中展現(xiàn)種種時代沖突的真實意圖,即對歷史的反思,既贊頌了美國西部傳統(tǒng)與開拓精神,也對過去的歷史重負有所批判。首先,本文分析了小說中在傳統(tǒng)社會與現(xiàn)代潮流碰撞之下產生的社會悲劇與個人悲劇,通過對悲劇后果的展現(xiàn),表達了作者對當代社會現(xiàn)狀的批判。其次,通過描述傳統(tǒng)西部元素的毀滅,麥卡錫表達了對美國西部失落的緬懷以及對現(xiàn)代文明的質疑。同時,通過《老無所依》,麥卡錫傳達了傳統(tǒng)社會的美好是被理想化的這一事實。沖突中表現(xiàn)出的一些社會問題并不是起源于當代社會,而是歷史遺留產物。通過對歷史重負的反思,麥卡錫考察了歷史對當代社會的影響。第五章為結語部分,對全文觀點進行梳理概括。本文認為,《老無所依》通過對現(xiàn)代悲劇與歷史重負的共同呈現(xiàn),以喚起人們對生存困境和社會發(fā)展的思考。《老無所依》中麥卡錫對西部現(xiàn)狀的批判,對歷史的關注,以及小說的后啟示性,均表現(xiàn)出對社會現(xiàn)實的憂思。小說中,麥卡錫以真實美國歷史為主干進行創(chuàng)作,使其既是虛構又是真實,從而引發(fā)對美國現(xiàn)實社會問題的關照,亦使其具有獨特的現(xiàn)實意義。
[Abstract]:Cormack Macarthy is a famous contemporary American writer. Since his first novel < orchard goalkeeper > in 1965, Mccarthy has published ten novels. Many of his works reflect on the history of the United States and the plight of modern life. "Old men of men" is a work published by Mccarthy in 2005, which is in twentieth Century 80. On the background of the border between the United States and Mexico in the years, with the pursuit of the three protagonists as the main line, the chaotic state of the post-modern western society is displayed through an old man's perspective, which is strongly contrasting with the traditional society in recollection. The content of the novel reflects the reality of the American social society in the twentieth Century, reflecting the author's question of history and society. This paper focuses on the conflicts between the old and old men and the old men, and further analyzes the causes of the conflict, and explores the true intentions of Mccarthy's display of the conflict in the times. This thesis is composed of five parts. The first chapter mainly introduces the life of Cormack Macarthy, the experience and achievements of the creation and the old work. According to the main content and style of "according to", and combing the domestic and foreign research status of Cormack Macarthy and "old men in no country", this paper expounds the research methods and research purposes of this thesis. The second chapter focuses on the concrete embodiment of the conflict in the new and old times of the novel. The attitude of people to war is gradually changed from support to opposition. Secondly, in social norms, the law as a traditional social force is suppressed by violence; the traditional role of moral orientation in political choice is replaced by political propaganda. Finally, this chapter discusses the three aspects of raising children, old life and marriage relations, respectively. The different attitudes of the old and new era in the family ethics. The third chapter mainly discusses the causes of the conflict in the novel, and analyzes the degeneration of the contemporary society in the social and psychological aspects. In the social background, the social problems brought by the rebellion in the 60s challenge the social order of the tradition; in the shadow of the Vietnam War, Social problems continue to deteriorate; the chaotic border zone directly causes the depravity of contemporary society. At the psychological level, morbid human nature is the main cause of contemporary social change. The alienated consumption process increases people's desire for money, but also affects the political field, and people are manipulated by political propaganda; and contemporary society The lack of belief is also an inherent reason for the fall of modern people in the novel. The fourth chapter is devoted to the discussion of the true intentions of Mccarthy's unfolding of the conflicts of the times in the old men's men, that is, to reflect on the history, not only to praise the tradition and the pioneering spirit of the west, but also to the history of the past. The social tragedies and personal tragedies produced by the collision of the traditional society and the modern tide express the author's criticism of the present situation of the contemporary society through the display of the tragic consequences. Secondly, by describing the destruction of the traditional Western elements, Mccarthy expresses his memory of the loss of the western United States and doubts about the modern civilization. Mccarthy conveys the fact that the beauty of the traditional society is idealized. Some of the social problems expressed in the conflict are not from the contemporary society, but the legacy of history. Through the reflection on the historical burden, Mccarthy examines the impact of history on the contemporary society. The fifth chapter is the conclusion of the full text. In this paper, this article holds that < old men from the old men from the world > through the joint presentation of modern tragedy and historical burden in order to arouse people's thinking about the predicament and social development of life. Mccarthy's criticism of the current situation in the west, the attention to history, and the post Revelation of the novel are all worried about the social reality. Tin is created by the true American history, making it both fictitious and true, thus triggering a reflection on the reality of the society in the United States and making it of its unique practical significance.
【學位授予單位】：華中師范大學
【學位級別】：碩士
【學位授予年份】：2016
【分類號】：I712.074

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