本文選題：《少年P(guān)i的奇幻漂流》　切入點(diǎn)：Pi的生態(tài)觀　出處：《遼寧大學(xué)》2017年碩士論文　論文類(lèi)型：學(xué)位論文

【摘要】：2001年加拿大作家揚(yáng)·馬特爾的《少年P(guān)i的奇幻漂流》正式出版,并于2002年獲得英國(guó)布克獎(jiǎng)。這部小說(shuō)講述了印度男孩Pi和一只成年孟加拉虎在太平洋漂流227天的故事。2012年,李安導(dǎo)演將其拍成同名電影,引起了社會(huì)各方的關(guān)注,同時(shí)李安導(dǎo)演也憑借該電影獲得奧斯卡最佳導(dǎo)演獎(jiǎng)項(xiàng)。自獲獎(jiǎng)以來(lái),國(guó)內(nèi)外的學(xué)者開(kāi)始從不同的角度對(duì)影片和其原著進(jìn)行解讀,為之后的相關(guān)研究提供了研究素材和經(jīng)驗(yàn)借鑒。隨著科技的發(fā)展,人類(lèi)生活發(fā)生了翻天覆地的變化。然而伴隨豐富的物質(zhì)生活而來(lái)的卻是頻發(fā)的生態(tài)危機(jī)。為了改變生活現(xiàn)狀并營(yíng)造和諧的生態(tài)環(huán)境,許多學(xué)者通過(guò)文學(xué)作品來(lái)喚醒人們的生態(tài)意識(shí)。在小說(shuō)《少年P(guān)i的奇幻漂流》中,作者揚(yáng)·馬特爾講述了主人公Pi的生活經(jīng)歷,并借此向讀者展現(xiàn)了自然中不和諧的現(xiàn)象,令人深思。本文擬從主人公Pi的成長(zhǎng)經(jīng)歷入手,重點(diǎn)探討他的生態(tài)觀的發(fā)展變化,分析小說(shuō)中所體現(xiàn)的生態(tài)批評(píng)思想對(duì)解決現(xiàn)代社會(huì)中存在的生態(tài)危機(jī)的啟示,并提出回歸自然、回歸社會(huì)、回歸自我是解決當(dāng)前生態(tài)危機(jī)的重要途徑。全文共分為六個(gè)部分。導(dǎo)論部分包括小說(shuō)《少年P(guān)i的奇幻漂流》和作者揚(yáng)·馬特爾的簡(jiǎn)介以及本論文的研究目的,進(jìn)而引入正題部分的研究。第一章是文獻(xiàn)綜述。這一部分對(duì)國(guó)內(nèi)外學(xué)者關(guān)于該小說(shuō)的研究成果進(jìn)行簡(jiǎn)要概述,主要包括一些學(xué)者對(duì)小說(shuō)多樣化主題的研究,例如小說(shuō)中所反映的現(xiàn)代精神,宗教信仰和人與動(dòng)物之間的關(guān)系。第二章簡(jiǎn)要介紹了生態(tài)批評(píng)理論和其在小說(shuō)中的運(yùn)用。生態(tài)批評(píng)嘗試探討文學(xué)與自然之間的關(guān)系,倡導(dǎo)人類(lèi)回歸人與自然的和諧,對(duì)解決現(xiàn)代社會(huì)中出現(xiàn)的生態(tài)問(wèn)題影響重大。小說(shuō)所展現(xiàn)的生態(tài)問(wèn)題與生態(tài)批評(píng)理論的三個(gè)方面即自然生態(tài)、社會(huì)生態(tài)以及精神生態(tài)相契合,這不僅體現(xiàn)了作者對(duì)人與自然之間關(guān)系的重視,也說(shuō)明了運(yùn)用生態(tài)批評(píng)理論分析該小說(shuō)的可行性。第三章具體討論了主人公Pi的生態(tài)觀的形成。整個(gè)過(guò)程包括三個(gè)時(shí)期:童年時(shí)期,海上漂流時(shí)期和成年時(shí)期。Pi成長(zhǎng)于動(dòng)物園,這樣的成長(zhǎng)環(huán)境對(duì)他影響重大。在童年P(guān)i的眼中,動(dòng)物園是個(gè)王國(guó),在那里他享受著與動(dòng)物相處的每一天,同時(shí)他也懵懂地感受到人與自然和諧相處的樂(lè)趣。然而,在“齊姆楚姆”號(hào)沉沒(méi)后,Pi的家人離開(kāi)了他,只留他和老虎帕克在一條救生船上。為了生存,Pi不斷改變自己,憑借頑強(qiáng)的意志克服生理上和心理上的困難,最終成功獲救。在艱苦的漂流生活中,Pi意識(shí)到自然不僅僅是他所看到的那樣,它還有自己并不了解的一面,而人類(lèi)在自然面前又是如此渺小,因此唯有敬畏自然人類(lèi)才能得以生存。在得救不久以后,Pi開(kāi)始了他的新生活并形成了自己獨(dú)特的、更加成熟的生態(tài)觀。受過(guò)去生活的影響,Pi在大學(xué)主修動(dòng)物學(xué)和宗教學(xué)。這兩門(mén)學(xué)科分別屬于自然和人文精神領(lǐng)域,同時(shí)也代表了Pi對(duì)自然生態(tài)和精神生態(tài)的關(guān)注。第四章分析了小說(shuō)中的生態(tài)啟示,分為兩部分。第一部分講述了產(chǎn)生現(xiàn)代社會(huì)生態(tài)危機(jī)的原因。第二部分探討了小說(shuō)的生態(tài)啟示,呼吁讀者回歸自然并建設(shè)和諧美好的生態(tài)環(huán)境。而整個(gè)生態(tài)環(huán)境是由自然生態(tài)、社會(huì)生態(tài)和精神生態(tài)組成的,因而回歸自然不僅包括回歸人與自然之間的平衡,同時(shí)也包括回歸人與他人,人與自我之間的平衡。結(jié)尾部分是對(duì)本文主要觀點(diǎn)的總結(jié)。該部分梳理了小說(shuō)主人公的三個(gè)成長(zhǎng)階段,概括了解決人類(lèi)社會(huì)中異化現(xiàn)象的途徑,強(qiáng)調(diào)人類(lèi)回歸自然的必要性,并倡導(dǎo)堅(jiān)持人與自然的和諧發(fā)展才是現(xiàn)代社會(huì)人類(lèi)的最終追求。
[Abstract]:The 2001 Canadian writer Jan Martel's "life of Pi published, and won the Booker Prize in 2002. The novel tells the India boys Pi and an adult Bengal tiger in the Pacific 227 days adrift story.2012, director Ang Lee to be a movie with the same name, has aroused the attention of all parties, at the same time with the film director Ang Lee also won the Oscar for Best Director Award. Since the award since, domestic and foreign scholars began to interpret the original film and from different angles, provides research material and experience for the following relevant research. With the development of science and technology, happened to turn the world upside down the change in human life. However, the ecological crisis and with the rich material life is frequent. In order to change the situation and create a harmonious ecological environment, many scholars through literary works to arouse people's health State of consciousness. In the novel "life of Pi", author Jan Martel tells the protagonist Pi's life experience, and to show readers the unharmonious phenomena in nature, thought-provoking. This paper from the protagonist Pi's growing experience with focus on the development of his ecological concept, thought to solve the ecological crisis in modern society as the inspiration of ecological analysis embodied in the novel criticism, and put forward the return to nature, return to society, return to the self is an important approach to solve the ecological crisis. This paper is divided into six parts. The introduction part includes a novel "life of Pi" and author Jan Martel introduction and research the purpose of this thesis, and then introduce the research on the part. The first chapter is literature review. This part provides a brief overview of the domestic and foreign scholars on the novel research results, including some The theme of the study of novel diversification, as reflected in the novel of modern spirit, the relationship between religion and human and animal. The second chapter briefly introduces the theory of ecological criticism and its application in the novel. The ecological criticism attempts to explore the relationship between literature and nature, advocating the return of human harmony between man and nature to solve the ecological problems in modern society are significant. The three aspects of theory of ecological problems and ecological criticism of the novel shows that the natural ecology, social ecology and spiritual ecology fit, which not only reflects the importance of the relationship between man and nature, it also shows that using the feasibility analysis of the theory of the ecological criticism of the novel. The third chapter discusses the ecological protagonist Pi's view of the formation. The whole process includes three stages: childhood, drifting and adults during the period of.Pi growth in the animal park. The growth environment of great influence on him. In the eyes of childhood Pi, the zoo is a kingdom, where he enjoyed a relationship with the animal every day, and he is ignorant to feel the harmony between man and nature of the fun. However, in the "Zim zum" after the sinking, the Pi family left him he only left, and tiger Parke in a lifeboat. In order to survive, Pi constantly change themselves, strong will to overcome the physical and psychological difficulties, eventually rescued. In hard drifting life, Pi realized that nature is not just what he saw it, and I don't understand it the human side, and in the face of nature is so small, so only the fear of human nature in order to survive. In saved soon after, Pi began his new life and formed its own unique ecological view, more mature. Influenced by the past life, Pi major in animal science at the University and religion. The two subjects belonging to the natural and humanistic spirit, also represents the Pi concern about natural ecology and spiritual ecology. The fourth chapter analyzes the ecological implications in the novel, is divided into two parts. The first part describes the causes of ecological crisis in modern society. The second part discusses the Enlightenment of ecological novels, urged readers to return to nature and build a harmonious and beautiful ecological environment. The ecological environment is the natural ecology, social ecology and spiritual ecology. Therefore, natural regression includes not only the balance between humans and nature, but also including regression and others, between man and self balance. At the end part of the main opinions of the paper. This part reviews the three stages of the protagonist, summed up the way to solve the alienation phenomenon in the human society, emphasizing the human back The necessity of returning to nature and advocating the harmonious development of man and nature are the ultimate pursuit of human beings in modern society.

【學(xué)位授予單位】：遼寧大學(xué)
【學(xué)位級(jí)別】：碩士
【學(xué)位授予年份】：2017
【分類(lèi)號(hào)】：I711.074

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