本文關(guān)鍵詞：論《洛麗塔》反諷形式下的倫理啟示　出處：《山東大學》2017年碩士論文　論文類型：學位論文

  更多相關(guān)文章： 納博科夫 《洛麗塔》 反諷 道德

【摘要】：弗拉基米爾·納博科夫(Vladimir Nabokov,1899—1977)在美國現(xiàn)代文學史上占據(jù)著不可替代的位置。他的那部具有世界性影響力的長篇小說《洛麗塔》,以一個患有戀童癖的中年男人亨伯特·亨伯特為主人公,從他的視角出發(fā),敘寫了他對一個12歲美國姑娘洛麗塔執(zhí)拗而病態(tài)的追求,這中間交織著他自己聲稱的對洛麗塔的愛情和他實際上對洛麗塔造成的難以彌補的傷害,他的對小女孩無盡的欲望和難辨真假的懺悔。由于小說題材的敏感性,以及納博科夫以亨伯特為第一人稱敘事者,并賦予他異常動人的情感表達力量,因此,《洛麗塔》一經(jīng)出版就飽受爭議,它所觸及的倫理道德問題成為爭論的核心。國內(nèi)外學者大致從"道德"、"不道德"、"非道德"三個方面對《洛麗塔》進行了批評,前兩者探討作品的道德維度,后者則以審美自律論者自居,堅持小說的審美價值。這在一定程度上反映出國內(nèi)外研究者割裂作品的道德價值和審美價值的傾向。一些研究者意識到這一問題將導致對納博科夫作品的片面理解,試圖做出彌合兩者間縫隙的努力。但從目前的批評現(xiàn)狀來看,此類研究尚處探索階段,對小說所蘊含的倫理之維和審美之維的關(guān)系認識得還不夠深入,對作品道德意義的理解過于簡單化。本文以倫理批評為主要研究方法,以反諷這一藝術(shù)形式為切入點,探討納博科夫如何在《洛麗塔》中實現(xiàn)了自己獨特的道德觀,即作品的道德價值必須以它的審美形式為依托。反諷所具有的欺騙、疏離以及模棱兩可等特質(zhì)加大了讀者進行道德判斷的難度,它迫使讀者不斷轉(zhuǎn)換自己的道德立場,在此過程中對道德問題進行深入思考。第一章,分析納博科夫獨特的道德觀以及反諷手法的運用與這一道德觀的呈現(xiàn)之間有著怎樣的內(nèi)在關(guān)聯(lián)。納博科夫?qū)τ谧约盒≌f的道德意義的說法有前后矛盾之處。一方面他從藝術(shù)自律的角度出發(fā),認為文學有其自身的價值,堅決否認自己的小說有任何道德意圖,以此抵制以道德價值為標準衡量文藝的做法。另一方面,納博科夫并沒有完全否定文學作品所內(nèi)蘊著的道德內(nèi)涵。這看似矛盾的兩方面正體現(xiàn)了納博科夫?qū)ξ膶W的道德價值的看法——文學不是對抽象的道德概念的簡單圖解,而是通過復雜的藝術(shù)形式將讀者長時間地滯留在對作品所提出的道德問題的困惑之中。反諷是延長這一困惑的有效藝術(shù)手段,它通過兩個相反意義的并置質(zhì)疑某種"定論",又對作者的道德立場進行表面上的懸置增加了讀者道德判斷的難度。從這一意義上說,反諷將道德判斷的過程陌生化,就在讀者針對某一具體的道德情境反復思索、猶疑不決時,讀者道德體驗的時間被拉長,從而加深了對小說人物也是人類普遍存在的道德困境的理解。第二章,具體分析《洛麗塔》中的反諷人物亨伯特對讀者的道德判斷造成的困難。亨伯特所意欲樹立起的自我形象和讀者通過蛛絲馬跡所構(gòu)建起來的形象之間存在著矛盾。他一方面充滿深情地訴說著自己對洛麗塔熱烈而永恒的愛情,另一方面他對洛麗塔的暴君式的囚禁和奴役又瓦解著他所聲稱的"真摯"愛情。納博科夫?qū)⒆鳛闇卮媲槿撕捅┡皭耗У暮嗖赝瑫r展現(xiàn)出來,讓讀者在厭惡與同情的相互交織與碰撞下不斷轉(zhuǎn)換道德立場,從而體驗道德判斷上的兩難。第三章,分析小說的反諷結(jié)構(gòu)與道德判斷之間的關(guān)系�！堵妍愃钒瑑蓚�同名文本,構(gòu)成了書中書式的嵌套結(jié)構(gòu)。其一是以亨伯特為作者、敘述人和人物的文本;其二是以納博科夫為作者,并將亨伯特的文本作為他小說藝術(shù)構(gòu)架之一部分的文本。讀者在閱讀過程中一直處于這兩個文本相互重疊的幻覺中,但后者對前者的質(zhì)疑又沒有使讀者陷入到任何單一話語里。在讀者受到亨伯特的誘導,情感上暫時偏向他時,納博科夫在一個更大的文本框架里設置了許多暗示性細節(jié),以質(zhì)疑亨伯特自我辯護的話語。讀者不得不在這兩個文本所構(gòu)成的張力中調(diào)整自己的道德立場,認真對待納博科夫提出而又沒有給出明確答案的道德難題。
[Abstract]:Vladimir Nabokov (Vladimir Nabokov, 1899 - 1977) occupies an irreplaceable position in the history of American literature. His book has influence on the world's novel "Lolita >, a middle-aged man with a pedophile Henbert Henbert hero, starting from his perspective, his writing on a 12 American girl Lolita stubborn and morbid pursuit, it is intertwined with the irreparable harm he claimed to love for Lolita and he actually caused by Lolita, the little girl of his endless desire and genuine repentance. The sensitivity of novels, and Nabokov with Henbert as the first person narrator. And given the emotional expression of strength, he very touching it," Lolita > was published to the controversial ethical issues, it touches a debate about nuclear Heart. Domestic and foreign scholars generally from "moral", "moral", "three aspects of morality" has been criticized for "Lolita", the former two works of moral dimension, the latter with aesthetic self-discipline theory itself, the aesthetic value of the novel. This reflects the tendency to adhere to the domestic and foreign researchers from work the moral value and aesthetic value in a certain extent. Some researchers realize that this problem will lead to one-sided understanding of the works of Nabokov, trying to make the gap between the two bridge efforts. But from the criticism of the current situation, this kind of research is still in the exploratory stage, the relationship between ethics contained in the novel and the aesthetic dimension the understanding is not deep enough and works on the moral significance of understanding is too simple. In this paper, the ethical criticism as the main research methods, the art form of irony as a starting point, to explore how Nabokov in "Lolita". The unique moral values, namely the works of moral value must be based on its aesthetic form. Irony has such traits as deception, alienation and increase the readers ready to accept either course of moral judgment of the difficulty, it constantly forcing the reader to change their moral stance, in-depth thinking about moral problems in this process. Chapter, are closely related to analysis of Nabokov's unique moral values and the use of irony and the moral values of the present. The moral meaning of Nabokov for his novel is a contradictory place. On the one hand from the perspective of his artistic self-discipline, that literature has its own value, strongly denied the novel has no moral intention, in order to resist the moral value as the standard measure of literary practice. On the other hand, Nabokov did not completely deny in literary works The moral connotation contains two aspects. This seemingly contradictory is the embodiment of the moral value of Nabokov's literary view of literature is not the abstract moral concept of a simple illustration, but through the complex art form of the reader long time stays in the proposed works on the problem of moral confusion. Irony is effective art this means to prolong confusion, it through the two opposite meaning the juxtaposition of a question of "verdict" of the author's moral position of suspension increased the reader difficulty of moral judgment on the surface. In this sense, the irony of moral judgment is strange, in the reader for a the specific moral situation repeated thinking, indecision, readers' moral experience time is stretched, so as to enhance the moral dilemma exists on the characters but also human understanding. The second chapter analyzes ". Rita > irony in the character of Henbert to the reader's moral judgment difficult. There is a contradiction between the desire to set up the Henry Bert self image and the reader through the traces to build up the image. His hand affectionately to Lolita recounting his warm and eternal love, on the other hand he of Lolita the tyrant type of imprisonment and slavery and the collapse of his claim to the "sincere" love. Nabokov will serve as a gentle lover and tyrannical devil Henbert showing at the same time, let the reader in disgust and sympathy are intertwined with the collision under changing moral stance, moral judgment and experience dilemma. In the third chapter, between structure and irony analysis of the relationship between moral judgment novels. Lolita > contains two name text, a nested structure type. The book of books Henbert was the author, the narrator and the people The second is the text; with Nabokov as the author, and the text of Henbert's text as part of his novel art architecture. The reader in the reading process has been in the two text overlapping illusion, but the latter on the former question and did not make the reader into any single word. By the induction of Henbert in the reader, emotional bias when he temporarily, Nabokov set up a number of suggestive details in a larger text frame, to question Henbert self defense discourse. Readers have to adjust their moral position. In the two text tension, seriously Nabokov put forward and not give a clear answer to the moral problem.

【學位授予單位】：山東大學
【學位級別】：碩士
【學位授予年份】：2017
【分類號】：I712.074

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