【摘要】：漢語全稱量詞"都"既可以量化其左邊的Wh成分,也可以量化其右邊的Wh成分。左向量化的Wh成分不表示疑問,而右向量化的Wh成分表示疑問。但對于沒有"都"的否定疑問句來說,Wh疑問詞在否定詞"沒"的左邊還是右邊,句子都表疑問。之前關(guān)于"都"的兒童語言習(xí)得研究發(fā)現(xiàn)4歲兒童掌握"都"的左向量化。目前還沒有關(guān)于"都"的右向量化的兒童語言習(xí)得研究。本研究旨在考察漢語普通話兒童對"都"的右向量化的掌握情況,共包括三個實驗。實驗一測試兒童對左向量化和右向量化的區(qū)分,測試句如"小熊什么都沒吃"和"小熊都沒吃什么"。"都"的左向量化表陳述,而右向量化表疑問。實驗二測試兒童對沒有"都"的否定Wh疑問句的理解,且為考察"都"的作用將其結(jié)果與實驗一對比。測試句如"小熊什么沒吃"和"小熊沒吃什么"。由于位于"都"或"沒"右邊的Wh疑問詞都表示疑問,而且也都要求窮盡性回答,因此對比這兩種結(jié)構(gòu)可以考察兒童窮盡性回答是否有量的差異。實驗三測試兒童對"都"的量化方向的偏好,測試句如"小熊和小兔都吃了什么",左向量化理解的回答是小熊和小兔吃的相同的東西,而右向量化理解的是小熊和小兔分別吃的東西。實驗發(fā)現(xiàn):(1)至少4歲兒童習(xí)得"都"的左向和右向量化,3歲兒童雖區(qū)分左向和右向量化,但左向量化能力還沒有達(dá)到成人水平;(2)"都"對于兒童理解句子有"質(zhì)"和"量"的影響,這說明兒童是加工"都"的;(3)兒童偏好右向量化,成人則無此偏好。本論文認(rèn)為至少4歲兒童掌握"都"的量化方向,兒童對于"都"右向量化的偏好反映了非語法因素的影響。
[Abstract]:The Chinese full name quantifier "du" can quantify both the Wh component on the left and the Wh component on the right. The left quantitative Wh component does not indicate doubt, while the right quantized Wh component indicates doubt. However, for the negative interrogative sentence without "du", the Wh interrogative word is on the left or right side of the negative word "no". Previous studies on children's language acquisition in du have found that 4-year-old children master the left quantification of du. At present, there is no right quantitative study on children's language acquisition in du. The purpose of this study was to investigate the right quantitative mastery of du in Chinese Putonghua children, including three experiments. In the first experiment, children were tested for the distinction between left quantification and right quantification, and the test sentences such as "bear ate nothing" and "bear ate nothing". "du" left vector table statement, while right vector table question. In experiment 2, children's understanding of negative Wh interrogative sentences without "du" was tested, and the results were compared with those of experiment 1 in order to investigate the role of "du". Test sentences such as "Bear didn't eat" and "Bear didn't eat anything." Since the Wh interrogative words on the right side of "du" or "no" express questions and require exhaustive answers, the comparison between the two structures can be used to see if there is a quantitative difference in children's exhaustive answers. In experiment 3, the children's preference for the quantitative direction of "du" was tested, and the test sentences such as "what did the bear and the rabbit eat". The answer of the left quantitative understanding was that the bear and the rabbit ate the same food, while the right direction understood what the bear and the rabbit ate respectively. It is found that: (1) at least 4 years old children acquire left and right quantification of "du", although 3 year old children distinguish between left direction and right direction quantification, the ability of left direction quantification has not reached the adult level; (2) "du" has the effect of "quality" and "quantity" on children's understanding of sentences, which indicates that children process "du"; (3) Children prefer right direction quantification, but adults have no such preference. This paper holds that at least 4 years old children master the quantitative direction of "du", and children's preference for "du" right quantification reflects the influence of non-grammatical factors.
【學(xué)位授予單位】：天津師范大學(xué)
【學(xué)位級別】：碩士
【學(xué)位授予年份】：2017
【分類號】：H193.1

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本文編號：2512129