【摘要】：元語言否定是一種既普遍又重要的語言學現(xiàn)象,也就是說它幾乎存在于所有的語言中。本文認為元語言否定是對語言表達不恰當之處的否定,主要包括:荷恩等級,內(nèi)涵,預設,語言手段以及觀點立場方面的否定,而描述性否定是對語言表達語義層面上的否定�！霸Z言否定”及其相對應的“描述性否定”最早是由Ducrot提出的。一直以來,不同理論背景的學者們均對這一語言現(xiàn)象抱有濃厚的研究興趣。尤其是元語言否定的語義和語用推理等話題在過去近30年中有比較深入的研究,這些研究對我們系統(tǒng)認識和深刻理解元語言否定現(xiàn)象奠定了堅實的基礎。但是,現(xiàn)有的研究成果還難以勾勒出一個元語言否定生成與理解的機制解釋框架。本文在“框架理論”的基礎上,從“認知語境”的角度用“概念整合理論”對元語言否定在線理解的內(nèi)在機制做出認知闡釋。本文的研究問題主要包括:第一,元語言否定的本質(zhì)是什么?第二,如何對元語言否定的在線理解機制做出一個系統(tǒng)的認知闡述?對于元語言的本質(zhì)研究,我們發(fā)現(xiàn)元語言否定的前后兩部分存在一種看似矛盾實則連貫一致的關系,其目的是為了否定兩個框架之間的特性差異而凸顯其中一個框架的特性。根據(jù)框架理論,框架是一種與特定情境相聯(lián)系的認知模型。說話人會把概念和特定的語境相互聯(lián)系起來,所以框架的理解必須放在語境中才能進行�；诖�,本文認為元語言否定,從本質(zhì)上說是由個人的角度,注意程度,個人經(jīng)驗等因素的差異所造成的框架之間的對立與沖突,也就是對不同詞匯的“突出特征”的背離。從更深層次上說,元語言否定是對框架背后的語境的否定。元語言否定是基于兩個框架之間的相同點和聯(lián)系之上的否定,所以元語言否定是兩個框架之間的部分否定而描述性否定大都是框架內(nèi)的完全否定。對于元語言否定的在線理解,本文認為這是一個由不同認知語境所導致的不同概念框架之間的相互作用、相互整合,從而產(chǎn)生新的意義的概念整合過程,該過程一方面消除原有認知框架中的既存前設,同時,我們可以借助話語中的突顯特征建立新的認知語境,在此基礎上生成新的意義。因此,運用概念整合理論,我們可以對元語言否定的在線理解機制提供一個更加動態(tài)和清晰的解讀框架。
[Abstract]:Metalinguistic negation is a common and important linguistic phenomenon, that is to say, it exists in almost all languages. This paper holds that metalinguistic negation is a negation of the inappropriateness of linguistic expression, which mainly includes the negation of Horne grade, connotation, presupposition, linguistic means and viewpoint, while descriptive negation is negative on the semantic level of linguistic expression. Metalinguistic negation and its corresponding descriptive negation were first proposed by Ducrot. For a long time, scholars from different theoretical backgrounds have a strong interest in this language phenomenon. In particular, the semantic and pragmatic reasoning of metalinguistic negation has been deeply studied in the past 30 years. These studies have laid a solid foundation for our systematic understanding and profound understanding of the phenomenon of metalinguistic negation. However, the existing research results are difficult to outline a framework for explaining the mechanism of meta-language negative generation and understanding. On the basis of "frame theory", this paper uses "conceptual integration theory" to make a cognitive explanation of the internal mechanism of meta-language negative online understanding from the perspective of "cognitive context". The main research questions of this paper are as follows: first, what is the essence of metalinguistic negation? Second, how to make a systematic cognitive exposition of the online understanding mechanism of meta-language negation? For the study of the essence of metalanguage, we find that there is a seemingly contradictory but coherent relationship between the two parts of metalanguage negation, the purpose of which is to highlight the characteristics of one of the two frameworks in order to negate the difference between the two frameworks. According to the framework theory, the framework is a cognitive model related to a specific situation. The speaker will connect the concept with the specific context, so the understanding of the framework must be put in the context before it can be carried out. Based on this, this paper holds that metalinguistic negation is essentially the opposition and conflict between frameworks caused by the differences of personal point of view, attention degree, personal experience and so on, that is, the deviation from the "outstanding characteristics" of different words. On a deeper level, metalinguistic negation is the negation of the context behind the framework. Metalinguistic negation is based on the similarities and connections between the two frameworks, so metalinguistic negation is a partial negation between the two frameworks, while descriptive negation is mostly complete negation within the framework. For the online understanding of meta-language negation, this paper holds that this is a process of conceptual integration caused by different cognitive contexts, which leads to the interaction and integration of different conceptual frameworks, which on the one hand eliminates the existing prepositions in the original cognitive framework, and at the same time, we can establish a new cognitive context with the help of the salient features in the discourse, on the basis of which we can generate new meanings. Therefore, by using the theory of conceptual integration, we can provide a more dynamic and clear interpretation framework for the online understanding mechanism of meta-language negation.
【學位授予單位】：西南大學
【學位級別】：碩士
【學位授予年份】：2017
【分類號】：H030

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本文編號：2506130