發(fā)布時(shí)間：2019-06-07 16:50

【摘要】：區(qū)別詞是漢語(yǔ)詞類(lèi)系統(tǒng)中較為特殊的一類(lèi)詞,“X式”區(qū)別詞是其中的一個(gè)小類(lèi)。本文以“X式”區(qū)別詞為研究對(duì)象,研究的內(nèi)容包括“X式”區(qū)別詞的句法功能及分類(lèi),“X式”區(qū)別詞的表義類(lèi)型,“X式”區(qū)別詞在對(duì)外漢語(yǔ)教學(xué)中學(xué)習(xí)情況的考察,“X式”區(qū)別詞的偏誤類(lèi)型及成因。針對(duì)“X式”區(qū)別詞目前在對(duì)外漢語(yǔ)教學(xué)中出現(xiàn)的問(wèn)題,我們提出一些具體可行的教學(xué)建議。我們充分考慮到對(duì)外漢語(yǔ)教學(xué)的特點(diǎn),將“X式”區(qū)別詞分為三種:修飾名詞時(shí)帶“的”,修飾名詞時(shí)不帶“的”,修飾名詞時(shí)可帶可不帶“的”。從句法功能上看,“X式”區(qū)別詞可以充當(dāng)定語(yǔ),能進(jìn)入“是……的”結(jié)構(gòu)中,對(duì)舉使用時(shí)可以作主賓語(yǔ),不受程度副詞“很/太/非�！钡男揎�。從表義類(lèi)型上看,我們將“X式”區(qū)別詞分為描述和比況兩大類(lèi),將描述類(lèi)“X式”區(qū)別詞分為形式類(lèi)、狀態(tài)類(lèi)、泛化類(lèi),將比況類(lèi)“X式”區(qū)別詞分為特征類(lèi)和身份類(lèi),且每個(gè)類(lèi)型下面又進(jìn)行了詳細(xì)的劃分。通過(guò)問(wèn)卷調(diào)查結(jié)果,我們發(fā)現(xiàn)留學(xué)生學(xué)習(xí)“X式”區(qū)別詞存在一些問(wèn)題:初級(jí)留學(xué)生的句法功能、形式類(lèi)和泛化類(lèi)的“X式”區(qū)別詞掌握得不夠好;中級(jí)水平的留學(xué)生對(duì)特征類(lèi)的“X式”區(qū)別詞掌握得不是很好。高級(jí)水平的留學(xué)生對(duì)這些知識(shí)掌握得比較好。此外,我們通過(guò)對(duì)HSK語(yǔ)料庫(kù)的分析統(tǒng)計(jì),得出留學(xué)生學(xué)習(xí)“X式”區(qū)別詞的偏誤類(lèi)型有:字詞錯(cuò)誤使用、“的”字的丟失、“很/太+ 'X式'區(qū)別詞”的誤用、修飾語(yǔ)發(fā)生錯(cuò)位、中心語(yǔ)的缺失以及“X式”區(qū)別詞的并列問(wèn)題。通過(guò)問(wèn)卷調(diào)查和偏誤分析,針對(duì)教材編排和教學(xué)過(guò)程,我們提出的教學(xué)建議有:采用直觀性教學(xué)原則,采用循序漸進(jìn)的教學(xué)原則,采用啟發(fā)式的教學(xué)方法。最后,針對(duì)“X式”區(qū)別詞的對(duì)外漢語(yǔ)教學(xué),我們?cè)O(shè)計(jì)了一份教案。
[Abstract]:Distinguishing words are a special kind of words in Chinese part of speech system, and "X" distinguishing words are one of them. This paper takes the "X" discriminant as the research object, including the syntactic function and classification of the "X" discriminant, the semantic type of the "X" distinguished word, and the study of the "X" distinguished word in teaching Chinese as a foreign language. The error types and causes of X-shaped distinguishing words. In view of the problems of "X" distinguishing words in teaching Chinese as a foreign language at present, we put forward some concrete and feasible teaching suggestions. Taking full account of the characteristics of teaching Chinese as a foreign language, we divide the distinguishing words of "X" into three categories: "with" when modifying nouns, "without" when modifying nouns, and "with or without" when modifying nouns. From the syntactic point of view, "X" discriminant can act as attributive, can enter "yes." In the structure, the use of lifting can be used as the subject and object, and is not modified by the degree adverb "very / too / very". From the point of view of semantic type, we divide the distinguishing words of "X form" into two categories: description and comparison, divide the distinguishing words of description class "X form" into formal class, state class and generalization class, and divide the distinguishing words of "X form" into feature class and identity class. And each type below has carried on the detailed division. Through the results of the questionnaire survey, we find that there are some problems in the study of "X" distinguishing words by foreign students: the syntactic function of junior students, the "X" distinguishing words of form class and generalization class are not well mastered well; Middle-level international students do not master the X-shaped distinguishing words of the feature class very well. International students at the advanced level have a good grasp of this knowledge. In addition, through the analysis and statistics of HSK corpus, it is concluded that the types of errors in learning "X" distinguishing words by foreign students are as follows: the wrong use of words, the loss of "X" words, and the misuse of "very / too'X 'distinguishing words". Modifiers are misplaced, the lack of central words and the juxtaposition of "X" distinguishing words. Through questionnaire survey and error analysis, in view of the arrangement and teaching process of teaching materials, we put forward some teaching suggestions: adopting the principle of intuitionistic teaching, adopting the principle of gradual and orderly teaching, and adopting heuristic teaching method. Finally, we design a teaching plan for the teaching of Chinese as a foreign language.
【學(xué)位授予單位】：揚(yáng)州大學(xué)
【學(xué)位級(jí)別】：碩士
【學(xué)位授予年份】：2017
【分類(lèi)號(hào)】：H195.3

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