【摘要】：《德漢教程》(Deutsch-Chinesische Unterrichtsstunden,Kurzgefasste Anleitung zur Erlernung der Anfangsgründe der Chinesischen Sprache),德占青島時期膠澳總督府翻譯官謀樂(Friedrich Wilhelm Mohr,1881-1936)所編初級漢語教材,1914年由Adolf Haupt贊助印刷并出版于青島。教學內(nèi)容包括語音、詞匯、語法。本文首次對該書的作者謀樂、成書背景、教學內(nèi)容進行專題研究,重點分析其語音、詞匯及語法教學,探討其教學方式與特點。全文分為六章:第一章為緒論。說明選題意義,厘清德國漢語教學的歷史與現(xiàn)狀;介紹論文采用的理論、方法及文獻來源。第二章考述謀樂的生平與著述、成書過程與背景及《德漢教程》的編排體例。《德漢教程》是德國國內(nèi)漢語學習專業(yè)化與中國境內(nèi)漢語教學現(xiàn)實需要的產(chǎn)物。從適用對象、教學目的與編寫體例等方面來看,可將其定位為一本初級漢語口語教材。第三章分析《德漢教程》語音教學。該書基于德語發(fā)音習慣,繼承與發(fā)展“德國式”拼音方案及威妥瑪拼音方案而成“謀樂式”拼音方案。本文分析其聲母、韻母系統(tǒng),同時對比幾種較有影響力的漢語拼音方案,探明“謀樂式”拼音方案的特點。第四章分析《德漢教程》詞匯教學。該書詞匯選取講求實用,貼近生活;關(guān)注女性為主的教學對象;注重在詞匯中貫穿文化學習,體現(xiàn)出地方特色與時代特點;強調(diào)詞匯積累,巧用附錄拓展學習;詞匯講解詳實精深,字本位占主導,輔以詞匯聚合。第五章探究《德漢教程》語法教學。該書語法項目符合初級學習需要,難度以甲、乙兩級為主,注重語法的實用功能。仰賴德語語法框架,利用德漢對譯的方式進行語法講解。重視詞類教學、注重知識點的連貫性,用例豐富,語料真實生動。第六章為總結(jié)章。對該書的優(yōu)點及不足進行基本評價。該書編排體例清晰,難易度適中;教學重點突出,針對學習者需要;注重文化學習,結(jié)合時代熱點與地區(qū)特點;但練習不足,過分依賴德語翻譯,未標注詞性,詞匯量分布差異大。
[Abstract]:The primary Chinese textbook compiled by Deutsch-Chinesische Unterrichtsstunden,Kurzgefasste Anleitung zur Erlernung der Anfangsgr 眉 nde der Chinesischen Sprache), (Friedrich Wilhelm Mohr,1881-1936, translator of Jiaoao Government House during Qingdao) was printed and published in Qingdao in 1914 under the sponsorship of Adolf Haupt. The teaching contents include pronunciation, vocabulary and grammar. This paper makes a special research on the author's music, background and teaching content for the first time, focusing on the teaching of phonetics, vocabulary and grammar, and discusses its teaching methods and characteristics. The full text is divided into six chapters: the first chapter is the introduction. This paper explains the significance of the selected topic, clarifies the history and present situation of German Chinese teaching, and introduces the theory, methods and literature sources used in this paper. The second chapter deals with the life and writing of conspiracy music, the process and background of writing books and the arrangement of German and Chinese tutorials. German and Chinese tutorials are the product of the specialization of Chinese learning in Germany and the practical needs of Chinese teaching in China. From the aspects of applicable object, teaching purpose and writing style, it can be positioned as a primary oral Chinese teaching material. The third chapter analyzes the phonetic teaching of German and Chinese tutorials. Based on the German pronunciation habit, the book inherits and develops the German pinyin scheme and the Wade pinyin scheme. In this paper, the consonant and vowel system are analyzed, and several influential Chinese pinyin schemes are compared to find out the characteristics of the "consonant" pinyin scheme. The fourth chapter analyzes the vocabulary teaching of German and Chinese tutorials. The vocabulary selection of the book emphasizes practicality and closeness to life, pays attention to the female-oriented teaching object, pays attention to running through the cultural learning in vocabulary, embodies the local characteristics and the characteristics of the times, emphasizes the vocabulary accumulation, and skillfully uses the appendix to expand the learning. Vocabulary explanation is detailed and profound, word standard is dominant, supplemented by vocabulary aggregation. The fifth chapter explores the grammar teaching of German and Chinese tutorials. The grammar project of the book meets the needs of primary learning, and the difficulty is mainly A and B, paying attention to the practical function of grammar. Rely on the German grammatical framework, using German-Chinese translation to carry on the grammar explanation. Attach importance to part of speech teaching, pay attention to the coherence of knowledge points, rich use cases, real and vivid corpus. The sixth chapter is the summary chapter. This paper makes a basic evaluation of the advantages and disadvantages of the book. The layout of the book is clear and difficult, the teaching focus is prominent, according to the needs of learners, pay attention to cultural learning, combined with the hot spots of the times and regional characteristics; However, the practice is insufficient, the German translation is too dependent, the part of speech is not marked, and the vocabulary distribution is different.
【學位授予單位】：上海師范大學
【學位級別】：碩士
【學位授予年份】：2017
【分類號】：H195.4

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