發(fā)布時(shí)間：2019-05-16 09:24

【摘要】：反語是修辭語言的一種。修辭語言的字面意義與修辭意義之間常常不一致,其他種類的修辭語言還包括隱喻、熟語、諺語等。從心理語言學(xué)的視角來看,反語理解主要依賴語用能力,并受到多種高級(jí)認(rèn)知能力的制約。到目前為止,相比于其他理論和模型,分級(jí)顯著理論(the Graded Salience Theory)最具整合性,解釋力、可證偽性也更強(qiáng)�；诜旨�(jí)顯著理論,本文嘗試整合反語理解所涉及的認(rèn)知能力、神經(jīng)基礎(chǔ)以及其他方面的研究,并提出更為綜合的理論框架。我們的討論主要從分級(jí)顯著理論的兩個(gè)基本假說出發(fā)。第一個(gè)假說是右側(cè)半球在反語意義的理解中起支配作用。根據(jù)該假說,左側(cè)半球和右側(cè)半球分別負(fù)責(zé)語義加工和語用加工。第二個(gè)假說是獨(dú)立兩階段假說,該假說認(rèn)為反語的理解過程可以分成兩個(gè)獨(dú)立的階段。反語的第一階段只存在語義加工,語境信息沒有涉及。反語理解的第二階段則只涉及語用加工,并對(duì)語境信息進(jìn)行整合。綜合來看,兩個(gè)假說反映了分級(jí)顯著理論在許多方面受到模塊論的影響。在元分析的基礎(chǔ)上,我們認(rèn)為這兩個(gè)假設(shè)存在一定的局限性。我們發(fā)現(xiàn)反語理解的過程中兩個(gè)半球都存在激活,并且許多與執(zhí)行功能有關(guān)的腦區(qū)也都存在激活。我們的結(jié)果也表明我們需要重新探討?yīng)毩呻A段假說。以精神分裂癥患者的研究為例,我們探討了反語理解中不同階段的互動(dòng)關(guān)系。此外,我們基于分級(jí)顯著理論提出了更為整合的理論框架�？偟膩碚f,本文探討了反語理解的認(rèn)知神經(jīng)基礎(chǔ),并從模塊性的角度分析了分級(jí)顯著理論的局限性。憑借更為整合的理論框架,我們指出未來的研究應(yīng)該如何探究反語理解中不同階段的動(dòng)態(tài)關(guān)系,也從多個(gè)角度探討了如何整合臨床人群的研究。
[Abstract]:Irony is a kind of rhetorical language. The literal meaning and rhetorical meaning of rhetorical language are often inconsistent. Other kinds of rhetorical language include metaphor, idiom, proverb and so on. From the perspective of psycholinguistics, irony understanding mainly depends on pragmatic competence and is restricted by a variety of advanced cognitive abilities. So far, compared with other theories and models, hierarchical salient theory (the Graded Salience Theory) is the most integrated, explanatory and falsifiable. Based on the hierarchical saliency theory, this paper attempts to integrate the cognitive ability, neural basis and other aspects involved in irony understanding, and proposes a more comprehensive theoretical framework. Our discussion is mainly based on two basic hypotheses of hierarchical saliency theory. The first hypothesis is that the right hemisphere plays a dominant role in the understanding of irony meaning. According to this hypothesis, the left hemisphere and the right hemisphere are responsible for semantic processing and pragmatic processing, respectively. The second hypothesis is the independent two-stage hypothesis, which holds that the process of understanding irony can be divided into two independent stages. Only semantic processing exists in the first stage of irony, and contextual information is not involved. The second stage of irony understanding only involves pragmatic processing and integrates contextual information. Taken together, the two hypotheses reflect that the hierarchical saliency theory is influenced by modularity theory in many ways. On the basis of meta-analysis, we think that these two assumptions have some limitations. We find that both hemispheres are activated in the process of irony understanding, and many brain regions related to executive function are also activated. Our results also show that we need to revisit the independent two-stage hypothesis. Taking the study of schizophrenia as an example, we discussed the interaction between different stages of irony understanding. In addition, we propose a more integrated theoretical framework based on hierarchical saliency theory. Generally speaking, this paper discusses the cognitive neural basis of irony understanding, and analyzes the limitations of hierarchical salience theory from the point of view of modularity. With the more integrated theoretical framework, we point out how the future research should explore the dynamic relationship in different stages of irony understanding, and also explore how to integrate the research of clinical population from many angles.
【學(xué)位授予單位】：西南大學(xué)
【學(xué)位級(jí)別】：碩士
【學(xué)位授予年份】：2017
【分類號(hào)】：H05

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