【摘要】：本研究旨在從詞匯通達整體概貌的揭示出發(fā),分別從縱向(內(nèi)部加工機制)和橫向(影響因素)兩個角度三個方面綜合考察漢語學(xué)齡前人工耳蝸植入兒童(簡稱CI兒童)的詞匯通達情況。在刻畫他們通達單音節(jié)高熟悉度詞的整體概貌的基礎(chǔ)上,本研究進一步縱向考察了他們詞匯通達的具體時間進程,并橫向探討了不同影響因素對漢語CI兒童詞匯通達的影響。研究以實齡、性別、非言語智商、詞匯量、父母教育水平、家庭經(jīng)濟水平六項為匹配標準,分別選取了 20名漢語CI兒童和20名聽力正常的典型發(fā)展兒童。在整體概貌的揭示中,本文采用定時圖片命名任務(wù)比較了兩組被試的正確率和反應(yīng)時,刻畫了 CI兒童詞匯通達的整體概貌。在內(nèi)部加工機制的考察中,本文采用圖-詞干擾任務(wù)比較了兩組被試不同時間進程上出現(xiàn)的語義、語音效應(yīng),揭示了 CI兒童詞匯通達的時間進程。在影響因素的考察中,本文采用定時圖片命名任務(wù)比較了兩組被試不同詞長不同熟悉度情況下的正確率和反應(yīng)時,分析了 CI兒童受這些因素影響的模式和程度。本研究得出以下結(jié)果及結(jié)論:(一)漢語CI兒童詞匯通達的正確率和速度與該年齡段聽力正常的典型發(fā)展兒童相比是沒有顯著差異的,他們詞匯通達的整體概貌與典型發(fā)展兒童類似。(二)漢語CI兒童與典型發(fā)展兒童詞匯通達的內(nèi)部加工機制并不完全相同。CI兒童由于對聲音承載的語義信息進行深層次加工的能力還比較弱,語音信息激活的又比較晚,因而在早期階段并未表現(xiàn)出任何效應(yīng)。在加工的晚期階段,CI兒童顯示出明顯的語音促進效應(yīng),并且維持的時間較長,表明在晚期階段他們和典型發(fā)展兒童一樣主要處于音韻編碼階段。在整體的加工機制上,CI兒童的語音激活略晚于典型發(fā)展兒童,還不能像典型發(fā)展兒童一樣達到與成人類似的水平。此外,CI兒童對干擾項的加工程度不如典型發(fā)展兒童那樣深,受干擾項影響的程度比較淺,因而通達圖片名稱的速度反而更快。(三)漢語CI兒童的詞匯通達會受詞長和熟悉度的影響,但影響程度與典型發(fā)展兒童不同。相比詞長而言,熟悉度是影響漢語CI兒童詞匯通達的主要因素。這主要是因為CI兒童高熟悉度詞的表征是牢固的,低熟悉度詞的表征是概略和脆弱的。
[Abstract]:The purpose of this study is to reveal a general picture of lexical access. The lexical access of Chinese preschool cochlear implant children (CI children) was investigated from the perspective of longitudinal (internal processing mechanism) and lateral (influencing factors). On the basis of depicting the general picture of their monosyllabic high familiarity words, the present study further investigates the specific time course of their lexical access and explores the influence of different influencing factors on the Chinese CI children's lexical access. Based on the matching criteria of age, sex, nonverbal intelligence quotient, vocabulary size, parents' education level and family economic level, 20 Chinese CI children and 20 typical developmental children with normal hearing were selected. In order to reveal the overall general picture, this paper compares the accuracy and response time of two groups of subjects by using the task of timing picture naming, and describes the overall general picture of CI children's vocabulary access. In the study of internal processing mechanism, we compared the semantic and phonological effects between the two groups of subjects in different time processes by using the graph-word interference task, and revealed the time course of CI children's lexical access. In the study of influencing factors, the timing picture naming task was used to compare the accuracy and response of two groups of subjects with different word length and different familiarity, and the model and degree of CI children affected by these factors were analyzed. The results and conclusions of this study are as follows: (1) there is no significant difference in the accuracy and speed of lexical access between Chinese CI children and the typical children with normal hearing in this age group. The overall profile of their vocabulary access is similar to that of a typical developed child. (2) the internal processing mechanism of Chinese CI children is not exactly the same as that of typical developing children. Because of the deep processing ability of CI children to the semantic information carried by sound, the voice information is activated later. As a result, there was no effect at the early stage. In the late stage of processing, CI children showed obvious phonetic promotion effect and maintained for a long time, indicating that they were mainly in the phonological coding stage as the typical developmental children in the late stage. In the overall processing mechanism, the speech activation of CI children was slightly later than that of typical children, and it could not reach the level similar to that of adults. In addition, the processing degree of interference item in CI children is not as deep as that in typical developing children, and the degree affected by interference term is relatively shallow, so the speed of accessing image names is faster. (3) the lexical accessibility of Chinese CI children is influenced by word length and familiarity, but the influence degree is different from that of typical developing children. Compared with word length, familiarity is the main factor affecting the vocabulary access of Chinese CI children. This is mainly because the representation of CI children's high familiarity words is firm, and the representation of low familiarity words is general and fragile.
【學(xué)位授予單位】：南京師范大學(xué)
【學(xué)位級別】：碩士
【學(xué)位授予年份】：2017
【分類號】：H193.1

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本文編號：2401153