【摘要】：近年來,漢語專書研究開始進(jìn)入人們的研究課題中。想要全面地了解漢語詞匯史,就要對漢語各個(gè)時(shí)期的詞匯系統(tǒng)作細(xì)致深入的研究。清末民初至五四時(shí)期是漢語發(fā)展的特殊階段,刁晏斌先生將這一時(shí)期稱為現(xiàn)代漢語前發(fā)展階段,這一階段上承近代漢語下啟現(xiàn)代漢語,同時(shí)這一時(shí)期的詞匯是漢語詞匯史研究中一個(gè)重要組成部分,進(jìn)行專書研究有助于探索這一階段詞匯系統(tǒng)以及詞匯發(fā)展規(guī)律,甚至對整個(gè)漢語詞匯史研究都大有裨益。本文選取現(xiàn)代漢語前發(fā)展階段中的《老殘游記》一書作為研究對象,對《老殘游記》中切分出來的雙音詞進(jìn)行研究。從構(gòu)詞方式上,將《老殘游記》中的雙音詞分為單純詞與合成詞。單純詞細(xì)分為聯(lián)綿詞、疊音詞、音譯詞、擬聲詞,且逐一進(jìn)行窮盡分析;合成詞細(xì)分為復(fù)合式、附加式以及重疊式,在定量研究的基礎(chǔ)上對雙音合成詞進(jìn)行靜態(tài)描寫。最后,根據(jù)前人研究成果,通過歷時(shí)與共時(shí)比較的方法,得出《老殘游記》雙音詞的構(gòu)詞特點(diǎn)。語義上,對《老殘游記》中的雙音詞進(jìn)行同義詞與反義詞、單義詞與多義詞、特色語義場研究。同義詞從等義詞與近義詞兩個(gè)方面作研究,反義詞從相對反義詞與絕對反義詞兩個(gè)類別作研究;《老殘游記》中有一部分多義詞出現(xiàn)多次且義項(xiàng)各不相同;由《老殘游記》的題材范圍可分出政治、法律等特色語義場。詞形上,《老殘游記》中存在同素逆序詞、異形詞與同形異義詞。同素逆序詞分為二序共現(xiàn)與一序僅現(xiàn)兩種情況;《老殘游記》中有一部分詞語與現(xiàn)代漢語中的詞語在意義、用法上完全一致,但這部分詞語現(xiàn)在已經(jīng)不再使用,是現(xiàn)代漢語詞語規(guī)范的對象;另外,《老殘游記》中有一些詞與現(xiàn)代漢語中的詞語詞形相同,但意義上沒有任何聯(lián)系,這樣的詞共有四個(gè)。在查閱《漢語大詞典》的基礎(chǔ)上,挖掘出《老殘游記》中有價(jià)值的雙音詞。首先,《漢語大詞典》中有一部分詞以《老殘游記》作為最早書證或唯一書證出現(xiàn)。最早書證說明這部分雙音詞產(chǎn)生時(shí)間的下限不晚于晚清,唯一書證說明該雙音詞有可能是《老殘游記》中獨(dú)有的。其次,由于《漢語大詞典》在編纂過程中受到客觀條件的限制,因而存在一些不足。根據(jù)《老殘游記》雙音詞研究,針對立目商補(bǔ)、書證補(bǔ)充等方面對《漢語大詞典》進(jìn)行完善。
[Abstract]:In recent years, the study of Chinese books began to enter people's research topics. In order to understand the history of Chinese vocabulary, it is necessary to study the lexical system in every period of Chinese. The period from the end of the Qing Dynasty to the May 4th Movement was a special stage in the development of Chinese, which Mr. Diao Yanbin called the pre-development stage of modern Chinese, which inherited modern Chinese from the beginning of the Qing Dynasty to the beginning of the May 4th Movement. At the same time, vocabulary in this period is an important part of the study of Chinese lexical history. The study of specialized books will help to explore the lexical system and the rules of vocabulary development in this period, and even be of great benefit to the study of the whole history of Chinese vocabulary. This paper studies the dicyllabic words in the Pilgrimage of Lao can in the pre-development stage of modern Chinese as the research object. In terms of word-formation, the dicyllabic words in Laocan Journey are divided into simple words and compound words. Simple words are subdivided into compound words, duplicative words, transliterated words, onomatopoeia words, and one by one, and compound words are subdivided into compound, additional and reduplicative words. On the basis of quantitative study, the static description of binosyllabic compound words is carried out. Finally, according to the previous research results, by means of diachronic and synchronic comparison, the word-formation characteristics of Two-syllable words are obtained. Semantically, the synonyms and antonyms, mononyms and polysemous words in Laocan Journey are studied. Synonyms are studied from two aspects of synonyms and synonyms, while antonyms are studied from two categories: relative antonyms and absolute antonyms. From the subject matter scope of Lao can be divided into political, legal and other characteristics of semantic fields. In the form of words, there are converse words, abnormal words and isomorphic words in Laocan Journey. The converse word of the same element is divided into two kinds of cases: the two order co-occurrence and the first order only appear in two cases; There are some words in Laocan Journey that are completely consistent with the meaning and usage of the words in modern Chinese, but these words are no longer used now and are the object of the modern Chinese word standard. In addition, some words in Laocan Journey are the same as those in modern Chinese, but they have no relation in meaning. There are four such words. On the basis of consulting the Chinese Dictionary, the valuable disyllabic words in Old Cann Journey were excavated. First of all, some words in the Chinese Dictionary appear as the first or only book evidence. The earliest documentary evidence shows that the lower limit of the disyllabic word is no later than the late Qing Dynasty, and the only documentary evidence shows that the dicyllabic word may be unique to the Old Ceng Journey. Secondly, due to the limitation of objective conditions in compiling Chinese Dictionary, there are some shortcomings. According to the study of the double syllable words in Lao can's travels, the Chinese Dictionary is perfected in the aspects of the complement of lien quotient and the supplement of documentary evidence.
【學(xué)位授予單位】：揚(yáng)州大學(xué)
【學(xué)位級別】：碩士
【學(xué)位授予年份】：2017
【分類號】：H134

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本文編號：2393179