【摘要】：本文主要分析老撾語(yǔ)和漢語(yǔ)疑問(wèn)句的特征,包括疑問(wèn)詞、疑問(wèn)句法及語(yǔ)用特征。老撾語(yǔ)和漢語(yǔ)屬于孤立型的語(yǔ)言,而且跟中國(guó)少數(shù)民族語(yǔ)言有著密切關(guān)系,尤其是侗臺(tái)語(yǔ)。目前中國(guó)和老撾的科學(xué)教育交流比以前增加,但是老撾語(yǔ)的研究卻相對(duì)滯后,尚有很多待拓展的研究領(lǐng)域,疑問(wèn)句的研究就是其中之一。本文以老撾語(yǔ)和漢語(yǔ)疑問(wèn)句的句式作為主要的研究對(duì)象。為了揭示兩者的異同,本文嘗試將老撾語(yǔ)疑問(wèn)句的句式分類(lèi)同漢語(yǔ)的分類(lèi)方式進(jìn)行了對(duì)比研究。研究發(fā)現(xiàn),老撾語(yǔ)和漢語(yǔ)的特指問(wèn)句在很多方面存在著差異,比如表達(dá)問(wèn)時(shí)間、地點(diǎn)的句式,漢語(yǔ)用"什么時(shí)候來(lái)",而老撾語(yǔ)通常用"來(lái)什么時(shí)候",漢語(yǔ)用"去哪兒玩",老撾語(yǔ)用"去玩哪兒";語(yǔ)法上也有一些不同的地方,比如"怎么樣",漢語(yǔ)說(shuō)"她妝化得怎么樣",而老撾語(yǔ)不需要"得",沒(méi)有"得"的語(yǔ)法概念,但會(huì)加"是"來(lái)幫助表達(dá),即"她化妝是怎么樣"。在是非問(wèn)句中,對(duì)應(yīng)漢語(yǔ)的疑問(wèn)語(yǔ)氣詞"嗎"、"吧"和"啊",老撾語(yǔ)有更豐富的表達(dá)形式。老撾語(yǔ)正反問(wèn)句句式?jīng)]有漢語(yǔ)那么豐富,而選擇問(wèn)句老撾語(yǔ)和漢語(yǔ)的句式基本一樣,都用連詞"還是"。但跟漢語(yǔ)不同的是,老撾語(yǔ)中的選擇問(wèn)句已經(jīng)演變成是非疑問(wèn)句,相當(dāng)于說(shuō)"還是嗎?""還是不?"語(yǔ)用方面,老撾語(yǔ)和漢語(yǔ)疑問(wèn)句的功能很相似,沒(méi)有太大區(qū)別。本文在對(duì)比的基礎(chǔ)上,總結(jié)歸納了老撾語(yǔ)和漢語(yǔ)疑問(wèn)句的特征及異同,并提出了有針對(duì)性的教學(xué)建議,以期能為老撾學(xué)生學(xué)習(xí)漢語(yǔ)和中國(guó)學(xué)生學(xué)習(xí)老撾語(yǔ)提供一些幫助。
[Abstract]:This paper mainly analyzes the features of Laotian and Chinese interrogative sentences, including interrogative words, interrogative syntax and pragmatic features. Lao and Chinese are isolated languages and are closely related to Chinese minority languages, especially Dong and Tai languages. At present, the exchange of science and education between China and Laos is increasing, but the study of Laotian is relatively lagging behind, and there are still many fields to be expanded, among which the study of interrogative sentences is one of them. In this paper, Laotian and Chinese interrogative sentences as the main research object. In order to reveal the similarities and differences between the two, this paper attempts to make a comparative study of the sentence classification of the Laotian interrogative sentence and the Chinese classification. The study found that there are differences in specific questions between Lao and Chinese in many ways, such as expressions of time, place, and when to come in Chinese, while Laotian usually uses "when to come" and Chinese uses "where to play". Lao pragmatic "where to play"; There are also some differences in grammar, such as "how" and "how does she make up" in Chinese, while Laotian does not need "de", there is no grammatical concept of "de", but "yes" is added to help express it. What is her makeup like? In non-question sentences, Laotian has more abundant expressions, corresponding to Chinese interrogative motifs "do", "bar" and "ah". Laotian is not as rich as Chinese, but Laotian is basically the same as Chinese, using the conjunction "or". But unlike Chinese, the choice question in the Lao language has evolved into a nonquestion, equivalent to saying "still?" or not? " Pragmatically, the functions of Laotian and Chinese interrogative sentences are very similar. On the basis of comparison, this paper summarizes the characteristics, similarities and differences between Laotian and Chinese interrogative sentences, and puts forward targeted teaching suggestions in order to provide some help for Lao students to learn Chinese and Chinese students to learn Laotian.
【學(xué)位授予單位】：中央民族大學(xué)
【學(xué)位級(jí)別】：碩士
【學(xué)位授予年份】：2017
【分類(lèi)號(hào)】：H146.3;H411

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本文編號(hào)：2379197