【摘要】：漢英兩種語(yǔ)言都有表必然推斷范疇的副詞,例如“必然,一定,necessarily,certainly”等,它們?cè)诒磉_(dá)必然推斷概念時(shí)具有不可替代的作用。以往對(duì)表必然推斷副詞的研究大多是對(duì)同一語(yǔ)言中單個(gè)或幾個(gè)同義副詞的簡(jiǎn)單描述,很少探究該類副詞的跨語(yǔ)言特征以及表達(dá)主觀義的程度差異。本文從語(yǔ)義、句法、語(yǔ)用三個(gè)層面對(duì)漢英必然推斷范疇副詞進(jìn)行共時(shí)對(duì)比研究,并運(yùn)用語(yǔ)料統(tǒng)計(jì)和問(wèn)卷調(diào)查的方法確定二者表達(dá)主觀義的強(qiáng)弱。研究發(fā)現(xiàn),漢英必然推斷范疇副詞存在共性和差異。共性表現(xiàn)為:在語(yǔ)義上,二者具有相同的語(yǔ)義特征,即[±客觀依據(jù)],[±未然],[±結(jié)果真],[±不利結(jié)果];在句法上,二者經(jīng)常與第三人稱代詞,否定副詞以及表極高可能性的情態(tài)動(dòng)詞搭配;在語(yǔ)用上,二者均表現(xiàn)出不同程度的主觀性,且二者大多出現(xiàn)在陳述句和感嘆句中,不出現(xiàn)在疑問(wèn)句和祈使句中。差異表現(xiàn)為:在句法上,英語(yǔ)必然推斷范疇副詞的位置分布比較靈活,可以置于句首,句中和句末,而漢語(yǔ)必然推斷范疇副詞只能置于句中,且與情態(tài)動(dòng)詞搭配時(shí)英語(yǔ)必然推斷范疇副詞可以出現(xiàn)在情態(tài)動(dòng)詞的前后位置,而漢語(yǔ)必然推斷范疇副詞只能位于情態(tài)動(dòng)詞之前。英語(yǔ)必然推斷范疇副詞允許連用,而現(xiàn)代漢語(yǔ)必然推斷范疇副詞則不然。在語(yǔ)用上,置于句首的英語(yǔ)必然推斷范疇副詞具有篇章連接功能,而漢語(yǔ)必然推斷范疇副詞無(wú)此功能。在漢英翻譯實(shí)踐中,我們需要考慮漢英必然推斷范疇副詞的異同之處,尤其要注意二者在表達(dá)意義上主觀性程度的差異,從而確保翻譯結(jié)果的準(zhǔn)確性。本文具有一定的理論和實(shí)踐意義。理論上,本文加深了對(duì)漢英必然推斷范疇副詞特征的全面認(rèn)識(shí),有助于促進(jìn)語(yǔ)言類型學(xué)和對(duì)比語(yǔ)言學(xué)的研究。實(shí)踐上,本文對(duì)漢英必然推斷范疇副詞的教學(xué)及漢英互譯有一定的借鑒價(jià)值。
[Abstract]:Both Chinese and English have adverbs for category inference, such as "necessity, certainty, necessarily,certainly" and so on. They play an irreplaceable role in expressing the concept of inevitable inference. In the past, most of the researches on the inferred adverbs are simple descriptions of single or several synonymous adverbs in the same language, and rarely probe into the cross-linguistic characteristics of these adverbs and the differences in the degree of expressing subjective meanings. This paper makes a synchronic and contrastive study of Chinese and English inferred adverbs in terms of semantics, syntax and pragmatics, and uses the methods of corpus statistics and questionnaire survey to determine the strength and weakness of their subjective meanings. The study found that Chinese and English inevitably infer that there are commonalities and differences in category adverbs. The common features are as follows: in terms of semantics, they have the same semantic characteristics: [鹵objective basis], [鹵pre-existing], [鹵result true], [鹵unfavorable result]; Syntactically, they are often collocated with third-person pronouns, negative adverbs and highly probable modal verbs. Pragmatically, both of them show different degrees of subjectivity, and most of them appear in declarative sentences and exclamatory sentences, not in interrogative sentences and imperative sentences. The differences are as follows: syntactically, English inevitable inference adverbs are more flexible in location and can be placed at the beginning, middle and end of sentences, while Chinese inevitable inference adverbs can only be placed in sentences. When collocation with modal verbs, English must infer that category adverbs can appear before and after modal verbs, while Chinese inevitable inference adverbs can only be in front of modal verbs. English inferred categorical adverbs are allowed to be used in conjunction, while modern Chinese infer category adverbs are not. Pragmatically, English inferred adverbs at the beginning of sentences have the function of textual connection, while Chinese inferred adverbs have no such function. In the practice of Chinese-English translation, we need to consider the similarities and differences between Chinese and English inferences of category adverbs, especially the differences in the subjective degree of expression between them, so as to ensure the accuracy of translation results. This paper has certain theoretical and practical significance. Theoretically, this paper has deepened the comprehensive understanding of the features of Chinese and English inferred category adverbs, which is helpful to promote the study of linguistic typology and contrastive linguistics. In practice, this paper has some reference value for the teaching and translation of Chinese and English inferred category adverbs.
【學(xué)位授予單位】：南京航空航天大學(xué)
【學(xué)位級(jí)別】：碩士
【學(xué)位授予年份】：2017
【分類號(hào)】：H146.2;H314.2

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