【摘要】：《孔子家語(yǔ)》(以下簡(jiǎn)稱(chēng)《家語(yǔ)》)內(nèi)容豐富廣泛,涉及古代的經(jīng)濟(jì)、社會(huì)生活及思想文化、制度風(fēng)俗等等,是一部記錄孔子及其弟子思想言行的儒家著作�！都艺Z(yǔ)》詞匯量豐富,口語(yǔ)色彩濃厚,有很高的語(yǔ)言研究?jī)r(jià)值。本文借鑒前人的研究方法和研究成果,對(duì)《家語(yǔ)》中的反義詞進(jìn)行了細(xì)致的描寫(xiě)與分析,以求能為漢語(yǔ)詞匯史的研究做出一點(diǎn)貢獻(xiàn)。全文除緒論和結(jié)語(yǔ)外,共分為四部分。緒論部分首先對(duì)《家語(yǔ)》及其研究概況進(jìn)行簡(jiǎn)要的介紹和概述,其次對(duì)古代漢語(yǔ)反義詞的研究現(xiàn)狀和研究趨勢(shì)做簡(jiǎn)要的說(shuō)明,最后闡明研究《家語(yǔ)》反義詞的意義和方法。第一章《孔子家語(yǔ)》反義詞的界定,主要參照語(yǔ)義標(biāo)準(zhǔn)、語(yǔ)法標(biāo)準(zhǔn)和語(yǔ)用標(biāo)準(zhǔn),運(yùn)用反義連文、反義對(duì)文、否定式結(jié)構(gòu)、語(yǔ)義相反或相對(duì)、參照相關(guān)注釋等方法來(lái)判定并統(tǒng)計(jì)出《家語(yǔ)》里面的反義詞共341對(duì)。第二章《孔子家語(yǔ)》反義詞分類(lèi)描寫(xiě),主要是對(duì)統(tǒng)計(jì)出來(lái)的《家語(yǔ)》里的反義詞進(jìn)行分類(lèi)描寫(xiě),主要從音節(jié)、詞性、反義關(guān)系、內(nèi)容等方面進(jìn)行分類(lèi)和分析描寫(xiě),發(fā)現(xiàn)《家語(yǔ)》反義詞符合上古漢語(yǔ)詞匯的整體發(fā)展風(fēng)貌。第三章《孔子家語(yǔ)》反義詞辨析,是按照義位對(duì)應(yīng)關(guān)系,對(duì)《家語(yǔ)》里的反義詞進(jìn)行辨析,主要從雙邊單項(xiàng)對(duì)立、雙邊多項(xiàng)對(duì)立、多邊單項(xiàng)對(duì)立和多邊多項(xiàng)對(duì)立四個(gè)方面進(jìn)行詳盡的辨析,得出《家語(yǔ)》反義詞的一個(gè)特點(diǎn):義位對(duì)應(yīng)關(guān)系復(fù)雜。第四章《孔子家語(yǔ)》反義詞的特點(diǎn),主要總結(jié)《家語(yǔ)》反義詞的特點(diǎn):不平衡性和義位對(duì)應(yīng)的復(fù)雜性。并對(duì)其形成原因與表現(xiàn)作簡(jiǎn)要的說(shuō)明。結(jié)語(yǔ)部分主要總結(jié)了《家語(yǔ)》反義詞的整體特點(diǎn)及研究意義。
[Abstract]:"Family language of Confucius" (hereinafter referred to as "Family language") is a Confucian work which records the thoughts and words of Confucius and his disciples, covering the ancient economy, social life, ideology and culture, system and customs, etc. Spoken language color is strong, has the very high language research value. Based on the previous research methods and achievements, this paper makes a detailed description and analysis of antonyms in "Family language" in order to make some contributions to the study of the history of Chinese vocabulary. In addition to the introduction and conclusion, the full text is divided into four parts. The introduction part first briefly introduces and summarizes "Family language" and its research survey, secondly, briefly explains the research status and research trend of ancient Chinese antonyms, and finally clarifies the meaning and method of studying "Jia Yu" antonyms. The first chapter is about the definition of antonyms, which mainly refers to the semantic standard, grammatical standard and pragmatic standard, using antisense conjunct, antisense, negative structure, semantic opposite or relative. A total of 341 pairs of antonyms in Family language were identified and counted with reference to related annotations. The second chapter is the classification and description of antonyms, which are mainly classified and described from syllables, parts of speech, antonyms, contents and so on, which are mainly classified and described from the aspects of syllables, parts of speech, antonyms, contents and so on. It is found that the antonyms are in line with the overall development of ancient Chinese vocabulary. The third chapter "Confucius Family language" antonyms discriminates and analyzes the antonyms in "Family language" according to the corresponding relation of sememes, mainly from bilateral single opposites and bilateral multiple opposites. This paper makes a detailed analysis of the four aspects of multilateral monomial opposites and multilateral multi-opposites, and concludes that the synonyms of "family language" are characterized by complex semantic correspondence. Chapter four is about the characteristics of the antonyms of Confucius' Family language, which mainly summarizes the characteristics of the antonyms: the unbalance and the complexity of the corresponding meanings. The reasons and manifestations of its formation are briefly explained. The conclusion summarizes the overall characteristics and significance of antonyms.
【學(xué)位授予單位】：山東師范大學(xué)
【學(xué)位級(jí)別】：碩士
【學(xué)位授予年份】：2017
【分類(lèi)號(hào)】：H131

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