【摘要】：縱觀國(guó)內(nèi)外幼兒句法的研究,主要采用傳統(tǒng)語(yǔ)法學(xué)方法,對(duì)幼兒句子的組成成分、句長(zhǎng)等進(jìn)行研究。本文以語(yǔ)義語(yǔ)法學(xué)理論為指導(dǎo),以四歲幼兒的日常會(huì)話語(yǔ)言作為研究對(duì)象,對(duì)語(yǔ)義句法范疇的定義、語(yǔ)義特征,語(yǔ)義句模的分類、特點(diǎn)及其與句法結(jié)構(gòu)的對(duì)應(yīng)關(guān)系,語(yǔ)義句模的語(yǔ)用功能等方面進(jìn)行研究。首先,借鑒語(yǔ)義句法范疇與幼兒句法研究的理論成果,建立起四歲幼兒語(yǔ)義句法范疇的標(biāo)注體系。該體系包括結(jié)核范疇、角色范疇、情態(tài)范疇、語(yǔ)氣范疇、關(guān)聯(lián)范疇和獨(dú)語(yǔ)范疇六個(gè)部分,將語(yǔ)義句法框架主要分為陳述結(jié)構(gòu)范疇和指稱結(jié)構(gòu)范疇兩個(gè)大類,并根據(jù)不同的標(biāo)準(zhǔn)將其劃分為不同的層級(jí),進(jìn)而進(jìn)行下位分類。其次,研究四歲幼兒語(yǔ)義句法范疇的語(yǔ)義特征,并詳細(xì)分析了陳述結(jié)構(gòu)范疇下位體系中施動(dòng)類陳述結(jié)核范疇、祈使類陳述結(jié)核范疇、參與類陳述結(jié)核范疇、遭致類陳述結(jié)核范疇、存有類陳述結(jié)核范疇、感知類陳述結(jié)核范疇、評(píng)判類陳述結(jié)核范疇、性狀類陳述結(jié)核范疇的語(yǔ)義特征。重點(diǎn)運(yùn)用語(yǔ)義語(yǔ)法學(xué)的句法語(yǔ)義研究方法,在語(yǔ)料標(biāo)注的基礎(chǔ)上,利用語(yǔ)料庫(kù)技術(shù)抽取了四歲幼兒日常會(huì)話句模。并根據(jù)動(dòng)核數(shù)量和所結(jié)合的語(yǔ)義角色、情態(tài)范疇情況,將抽取的幼兒句模分為簡(jiǎn)單句模和復(fù)雜句模兩大類。最后,對(duì)抽取的四歲幼兒簡(jiǎn)單句模和復(fù)雜句模的特點(diǎn)進(jìn)行考察,指出四歲幼兒簡(jiǎn)單句模的習(xí)得優(yōu)于復(fù)雜句模,并且分析了復(fù)雜句模中兩個(gè)或多個(gè)結(jié)核范疇之間的語(yǔ)義角色共用和語(yǔ)義相關(guān)聯(lián)現(xiàn)象,同時(shí)研究了四歲幼兒習(xí)得的謂詞性主謂句和主謂謂語(yǔ)句這兩種句型與語(yǔ)義句模之間一對(duì)多的對(duì)應(yīng)關(guān)系,描寫了幼兒語(yǔ)義句模的語(yǔ)用功能。本研究的創(chuàng)新之處在于：本文對(duì)四歲幼兒語(yǔ)義句模的研究是建立在大量語(yǔ)料標(biāo)注基礎(chǔ)之上的,采取理論與實(shí)際研究相結(jié)合,運(yùn)用了語(yǔ)料庫(kù)標(biāo)注和統(tǒng)計(jì)的方法。這些方法在幼兒語(yǔ)言研究中相對(duì)具有獨(dú)特性,能提高研究的準(zhǔn)確性和科學(xué)性。本研究對(duì)豐富語(yǔ)義語(yǔ)法學(xué)理論,拓寬語(yǔ)義句法范疇和語(yǔ)義句模研究的新視野以及歸納幼兒語(yǔ)義句模,豐富幼兒句法研究理論和幼兒教學(xué)等方面都有著重要的理論和實(shí)踐意義。
[Abstract]:Based on the research of infant syntax at home and abroad, the composition and length of sentences are studied by traditional grammar method. Under the guidance of semantic grammar theory and the daily conversational language of four-year-old children, this paper studies the definition of semantic syntactic category, semantic features, classification of semantic sentence models, characteristics and their corresponding relationship with syntactic structures. The pragmatic functions of semantic models are studied. First of all, using the theoretical achievements of semantic syntactic category and infant syntactic research, we set up a four-year-old child's semantic syntactic category tagging system. The system includes six parts: tuberculosis category, role category, modal category, mood category, relevance category and monologue category. The semantic syntactic framework is divided into two categories: declarative structure category and referential structure category. According to different standards, it is divided into different levels, and then the lower classification is carried out. Secondly, the semantic characteristics of semantic syntactic category of four-year-old children are studied, and the following aspects are analyzed in detail: the category of active statement tuberculosis, the category of imperative statement of tuberculosis, the category of participation in the category of statement of tuberculosis, the lower system of the category of statement structure. The semantic features of the nodule category are described in the following categories: the nodule category, and the trait class statement. In this paper, the syntactic and semantic methods of semantic grammar are applied to extract daily conversational sentence models of four-year-old children based on corpus tagging. According to the number of moving-kernels and the combined semantic roles and modal categories, the extracted child sentence modules are divided into two categories: simple sentence modules and complex sentence modules. Finally, the characteristics of simple sentence model and complex sentence model are investigated, and it is pointed out that the acquisition of simple sentence model is better than that of complex sentence model. Furthermore, the semantic role sharing and semantic association between two or more nodule categories in complex sentence models are analyzed. At the same time, this paper studies the one-to-many correspondence between the predicate subject-predicate sentence and the semantic sentence model, and describes the pragmatic functions of the semantic sentence model. The innovation of this study lies in the fact that the research on semantic sentence models of four-year-old children is based on a large number of corpus tagging, which combines theory with practical research and uses the methods of corpus tagging and statistics. These methods are relatively unique in the study of young children's language, and can improve the accuracy and scientific nature of the research. This study has important theoretical and practical significance for enriching semantic grammar theory, broadening the new vision of semantic syntactic category and semantic sentence pattern research, inducing the semantic sentence pattern of young children, enriching the theory of child's syntactic research and infant teaching and so on.
【學(xué)位授予單位】：南京師范大學(xué)
【學(xué)位級(jí)別】：碩士
【學(xué)位授予年份】：2016
【分類號(hào)】：H146.3

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