【摘要】：朱德熙(1983)指出,漢語中的"VP的N"結(jié)構(gòu)存在自指與轉(zhuǎn)指兩種類型。本文從中心語名詞N與表示事件的VP間的選擇限制關(guān)系入手,討論自指"的"字結(jié)構(gòu)的形成機(jī)制。首先,自指類"的"字結(jié)構(gòu)可以劃分為兩種類型,即由內(nèi)容義名詞構(gòu)成的同指性自指結(jié)構(gòu)和由事件屬性名詞構(gòu)成的限定性自指結(jié)構(gòu),二者在句法、語義方面存在一系列差異。本文重點(diǎn)討論事件屬性名詞與限定性自指結(jié)構(gòu)在句法、語義上的選擇限制關(guān)系。從語義上看,根據(jù)事件屬性名詞N與自指事件VP間的語義關(guān)系,可將事件屬性名詞分為八類:原因、結(jié)果、過程、條件、度量、目標(biāo)、時(shí)間、處所;從句法上看,每類事件屬性名詞在自指結(jié)構(gòu)中可以固定地激活特定語義類的隱含謂詞。通過引入名詞的物性角色對(duì)隱含謂詞進(jìn)行聚類,可以發(fā)現(xiàn),同類事件屬性名詞所激活的隱含謂詞具有相同的物性角色。由此可以證明,使用隱含謂詞對(duì)自指結(jié)構(gòu)進(jìn)行語義解釋具有必要性和合理性。最后,文章就事件屬性名詞的語義特點(diǎn)進(jìn)行了討論,認(rèn)為事件屬性名詞屬于關(guān)涉事件論元的一價(jià)名詞,其語義可以表示為一個(gè)降級(jí)述謂結(jié)構(gòu)。在此基礎(chǔ)上,我們對(duì)漢語自指"的"字結(jié)構(gòu)進(jìn)行了重新分析,指出由事件屬性名詞和內(nèi)容義名詞構(gòu)成的兩類自指"的"字結(jié)構(gòu),實(shí)質(zhì)上都是名詞壓縮了核心謂詞語義后形成的"全局性轉(zhuǎn)指"結(jié)構(gòu)。
[Abstract]:Zhu Dexi (1983) pointed out that there are two types of "VP's N" structure in Chinese. In this paper, we discuss the formation mechanism of the word structure of "self" from the relationship of choice restriction between the noun N and VP, which denotes the event. First of all, the word structure of the self-referential category can be divided into two types, that is, the syntactic self-referential structure composed of content-semantic nouns and the qualified self-referential structure composed of event-attribute nouns. There are a series of differences in syntax and semantics between them. This paper focuses on the syntactic and semantic selection constraints between event attribute nouns and qualified self-referential structures. Semantically, according to the semantic relationship between event attribute noun N and event VP, event attribute noun can be divided into eight categories: cause, result, process, condition, measure, goal, time, place, syntactically, Each class of event attribute nouns can regularly activate the implicit predicates of a particular semantic class in a self-referential structure. By introducing the transitivity roles of nouns to cluster the implicit predicates, it can be found that the implicit predicates activated by the similar event attribute nouns have the same transitivity roles. It is proved that it is necessary and reasonable to use implicit predicates for semantic interpretation of self-referential structures. Finally, the semantic characteristics of event attribute nouns are discussed. It is considered that event attribute nouns belong to the univalent nouns concerned with event argument, and their semantics can be expressed as a demotion predicate structure. On the basis of this, we reanalyze the word structure of Chinese self-reference, and point out that two kinds of self-referential word structure are composed of event attribute noun and content-meaning noun. In essence, it is a global transfer structure formed when nouns compress the semantics of core predicates.
【作者單位】： 北京大學(xué)中文系/中國(guó)語言學(xué)研究中心/計(jì)算語言學(xué)教育部重點(diǎn)實(shí)驗(yàn)室;
【基金】：國(guó)家社科基金重大招標(biāo)項(xiàng)目“漢語國(guó)際教育背景下的漢語意合特征研究與大型知識(shí)庫和語料庫建設(shè)”(12&ZD175) 國(guó)家重點(diǎn)基礎(chǔ)研究計(jì)劃(973計(jì)劃)項(xiàng)目課題“語言認(rèn)知的神經(jīng)機(jī)制”(2014CB340502)的資助
【分類號(hào)】：H146

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本文編號(hào)：2197436