【摘要】：“X死我了”是口語中常見的結(jié)構(gòu),根據(jù)構(gòu)式理論,它屬于構(gòu)式。本文包括緒論、主體和結(jié)論三個部分。緒論部分說明了選題的目的和意義,簡述了國內(nèi)外學(xué)者的研究現(xiàn)狀,探究了以往研究存在的問題,介紹了研究的理論、方法和語料來源。第二章至第五章是本文的主題部分。第二章將“X”分為了形容詞和動詞兩大類,并對其特征進(jìn)行了分析:音節(jié)特征方面,單音節(jié)的“X”占絕對優(yōu)勢;語義特征方面,構(gòu)式中的“X”大多蘊(yùn)含消極意義;歷時特征方面,“X死我了”構(gòu)式真正具有構(gòu)式義是出現(xiàn)在明代末年。同時,我們認(rèn)為,“死”的程度義和“死”的隱喻有關(guān)�！傲恕北硎臼聭B(tài)已經(jīng)出現(xiàn)了變化,且具有成句的功能。第三章包含了對“X死我了”與“我X死了”句法、語義、語用等方面的對比。句法方面:“我X死了”結(jié)構(gòu)是典型的主謂式,而“X死我了”結(jié)構(gòu)是動賓式,省略了主語;語義方面,“X死我了”與“我X死了”在語義指向和施受關(guān)系方面有差異;語用方面,“X死我了”與“我X死了”的語境適切度不一樣,話題、述題、焦點和語體也不一樣。隨后我們用“元語增量”的理論解釋了語用方面差異的原因。兩個結(jié)構(gòu)在使用頻率,結(jié)構(gòu)固定性方面也有差異。最后本章總結(jié)了差異產(chǎn)生的原因:“X”的性質(zhì)和“我”的移位。第四章包含了對“X死我了”與“X死你了”句法、語義、語用等方面的對比。句法方面,兩個結(jié)構(gòu)的主語有差異;語義方面,兩個結(jié)構(gòu)的施受關(guān)系不同;語用方面,話題和語氣是我們考察差異的兩個方面。最后,我們分析了這種主賓互易現(xiàn)象產(chǎn)生的原因:“(你)X死我了”是“(我)X死你了”通過移位形成的。第五章總結(jié)了“X死我了”構(gòu)式的產(chǎn)生機(jī)制與動因�！拔襒死了”轉(zhuǎn)換成了“X死我了”,深層原因是“因果糅合”。此外,“轉(zhuǎn)指理論”和“回溯理論”也可以用來解釋“X死我了”構(gòu)式的形成。在探究“X死我了”構(gòu)式產(chǎn)生的動因時,我們運用了“語言的經(jīng)濟(jì)性原則”和馮勝利的“輕動詞理論”。第六章概括了本文的觀點,提出了不足之處。本文通過多層對比,會將“X死我了”構(gòu)式的研究引入更深的層次,為后來學(xué)者的研究做出參考。
[Abstract]:X is a common structure in spoken language. According to the theory of construction, it belongs to construction. This paper includes three parts: introduction, subject and conclusion. The introduction explains the purpose and significance of the topic, briefly describes the current research situation of scholars at home and abroad, probes into the problems existing in previous studies, and introduces the theory, method and source of the research. The second to fifth chapters are the main part of this paper. In the second chapter, "X" is divided into adjectives and verbs, and its characteristics are analyzed: in the aspect of syllable, "X" of monosyllabic is dominant, and in semantic feature, "X" in construction contains negative meaning. In terms of diachronic features, the construction of "X died me" really had the meaning of construction in the late Ming Dynasty. At the same time, we think that the degree of death is related to the metaphor of death. "has" indicates that the situation has changed, and has the function of sentence. The third chapter contains a comparison of syntax, semantics, pragmatics and so on between "X is dead" and "I X is dead". Syntactic aspect: "I X is dead" is a typical subject-predicate, while "X is dead" structure is verb-object, omitting subject, in semantic aspect, "X is dead" and "I X is dead" are different in semantic direction and giving receiving relation. Pragmatically, the contextual relevance of "X is dead" and "I X is dead" is different, and the topic, focus and style are also different. Then we explain the reasons of pragmatic differences with the theory of meta-increment. There are also differences in frequency and structural stability between the two structures. Finally, this chapter summarizes the causes of the difference: the nature of "X" and the shift of "I". The fourth chapter contains a comparison of syntax, semantics, pragmatics and so on. In syntax, the subject of the two structures is different; in the semantic aspect, the relationship between the two structures is different; in the pragmatic aspect, the topic and the mood are the two aspects of the difference. Finally, we analyze the causes of this phenomenon: "(you) X died me" yes "(me) X died you" through the formation of displacement. The fifth chapter summarizes the formation mechanism and motivation of X death me. "I X died" converted to "X died me", the underlying cause is "causal blending." In addition, the transfer theory and the backtracking theory can also be used to explain the formation of X dead me. In exploring the causes of the formation of the "X death me" construction, we apply the "economic principle of language" and Feng Shengli's "light verb theory". The sixth chapter summarizes the views of this paper and puts forward the shortcomings. Through multi-layer comparison, the study of "X dead me" construction will be introduced to a deeper level, which can be used as a reference for the later scholars.
【學(xué)位授予單位】：上海外國語大學(xué)
【學(xué)位級別】：碩士
【學(xué)位授予年份】：2017
【分類號】：H146.3

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