【摘要】：《論語》是我國(guó)春秋時(shí)期的一部語錄體散文集,集中反映了孔子的思想,是古代學(xué)子學(xué)習(xí)和考試的主要教材,它影響了中國(guó)古代的禮樂文化和倫理道德,對(duì)解讀儒家思想具有重要意義。在任何時(shí)代、任何地方,只有正確理解經(jīng)典著作的本義,才能發(fā)揮它不朽的價(jià)值。雖然歷代對(duì)《論語》的注解和研讀眾多,但由于時(shí)代久遠(yuǎn)、語境缺失、結(jié)構(gòu)不明,導(dǎo)致《論語》注本中的歧解現(xiàn)象突出。本文以此為切入點(diǎn),選取宋代朱熹的《論語集注》、清代劉寶楠的《論語正義》和現(xiàn)代楊伯峻的《論語譯注》,將三個(gè)時(shí)代不同、認(rèn)可度較高的注本進(jìn)行對(duì)比研究,運(yùn)用現(xiàn)代語言學(xué)的基本理論,分析《論語》三家注中歧解的類型和造成歧解的原因,并嘗試從語法的角度提供令人信服的佐證,從而化解分歧,使其合乎《論語》原文的本義,進(jìn)而全面了解孔子的思想。本文主要包含以下幾部分:第一部分,引言。闡述了本文研究的意義和價(jià)值、研究方法、《論語》歧解的研究現(xiàn)狀、本文對(duì)歧解的界定以及歧解材料的選取。第二部分,從詞法和句法兩個(gè)方面逐一辨析《論語》三家注中的歧解現(xiàn)象。為使本文的研究更加客觀而全面,本文涵蓋了《論語》全20章中與語法歧解相關(guān)的全部語料。其中,第二章從詞類和詞的內(nèi)部構(gòu)成兩方面對(duì)三家注中的歧解現(xiàn)象進(jìn)行詞法考辨,具體探討三家注中詞類認(rèn)識(shí)不清、內(nèi)部結(jié)構(gòu)不明的問題;第三章則從短語、單句、復(fù)句三個(gè)層面對(duì)《論語》三家注中的歧解現(xiàn)象進(jìn)行句法考辨。此外,為避免只羅列歧解現(xiàn)象,對(duì)原文的注釋模棱兩可的情況,我們?yōu)槊恳焕缃舛甲髁溯^為合理的注釋。第三部分,分析《論語》注釋歧解形成的原因和化解歧解的方法。由于漢語在表示語法意義方面不依賴于形態(tài)變化,同一語法形式往往表示多種語法意義,使得語法結(jié)構(gòu)比較隱性,由此加大了《論語》注釋辨析的難度。此外,文獻(xiàn)本身的原因、古今語法的變化都會(huì)影響各家的注釋。據(jù)此,我們認(rèn)為考辨《論語》的本義,需樹立一定的語法意識(shí),更多地關(guān)注原文各章節(jié)中組成成分的詞類、層次構(gòu)造和語法關(guān)系,增強(qiáng)對(duì)《論語》本義的正確理解。第四部分,結(jié)語。綜合考辨三家注釋,我們共發(fā)現(xiàn)45例與語法相關(guān)的歧解現(xiàn)象,從宏觀上分析各部分所占的權(quán)重和容易造成歧解的關(guān)鍵之處,可以為化解《論語》中的歧解注釋提供方法論上的依據(jù)。對(duì)于兩可的注釋,我們也可從語法的角度分析造成歧解的原因,梳理古籍中存在的歧解問題。
[Abstract]:Analects of Confucius (Analects of Analects) is a collection of quotations in the Spring and Autumn period of China, which reflects the thought of Confucius and is the main teaching material for the study and examination of ancient students. It has influenced the culture of etiquette and music and the ethics and morality in ancient China. It is of great significance to interpret Confucianism. At any time, anywhere, only a correct understanding of the original meaning of classical works can play its immortal value. Although the Analects of Confucius has been annotated and studied by many dynasties, the disambiguation phenomenon in the Analects of Analects of Confucius is prominent because of the long time, the absence of context and the unclear structure of the Analects of Analects of Confucius. This paper takes this as the starting point, selects Song Dynasty Zhu Xi's Analects of Confucius Collection Note, Liu Baonan's Analects of Confucius Justice in Qing Dynasty and Modern Yang Bojun's Analects of Analects Translation, and makes a comparative study on the three different annotated texts of different times and higher recognition. Based on the basic theories of modern linguistics, this paper analyzes the types of disambiguation in the Analects of Analects of Confucius and the causes of the disambiguation, and tries to provide convincing evidence from the perspective of grammar so as to resolve the differences and make them conform to the original meaning of the Analects of Confucius. And then fully understand the thought of Confucius. This paper mainly includes the following parts: the first part, introduction. In this paper, the significance and value of this study, the research methods, the present situation of disambiguation, the definition of disambiguation and the selection of disambiguation materials are described. In the second part, the disambiguation phenomenon in the Analects of Analects of Confucius is analyzed one by one from the lexical and syntactic aspects. In order to make the study more objective and comprehensive, this paper covers all the data related to grammatical ambiguity in the whole 20 chapters of Analects of Confucius. Among them, the second chapter makes lexical research on the phenomenon of disambiguation in the three notes from the two aspects of the internal composition of the parts of speech and words, and discusses in detail the problems of unclear understanding of the parts of speech and unclear internal structure in the three notes, and the third chapter discusses the problems of phrase, single sentence, and so on. The syntactic analysis of disambiguation in Analects of Analects of Confucius is made from three levels of complex sentences. In addition, in order to avoid the phenomenon of only listing disambiguation, we make a reasonable annotation for each case. The third part analyzes the causes of disambiguation in Analects of Confucius (Analects of Confucius) and the methods of disambiguation. Since Chinese does not depend on morphological changes in the expression of grammatical meaning, the same grammatical form often expresses a variety of grammatical meanings, which makes the grammatical structure more recessive, thus increasing the difficulty of distinguishing and analyzing the Analects of Analects of Confucius. In addition, the causes of the literature itself, ancient and modern grammar changes will affect the annotations. Therefore, we think that in order to understand the meaning of Analects of Confucius, we should set up a certain grammatical consciousness, pay more attention to the parts of speech, the structure of hierarchy and the grammatical relationship of the components in each chapter of the original text, so as to enhance the correct understanding of the original meaning of the Analects of Confucius. The fourth part, conclusion. By synthesizing the three annotations, we find 45 cases of grammatic-related disambiguation, and analyze the weight of each part and the key points which are easy to cause disambiguation. It can provide methodological basis for disambiguation annotation in Analects of Confucius. We can also analyze the causes of disambiguation from the perspective of grammar, and sort out the problem of disambiguation in ancient books.
【學(xué)位授予單位】：青島大學(xué)
【學(xué)位級(jí)別】：碩士
【學(xué)位授予年份】：2017
【分類號(hào)】：H141

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本文編號(hào)：2152715