基于中俄不同語言文化觀念的漢語詞匯教學(xué)
發(fā)布時間：2018-07-21 14:45
【摘要】：跨文化交際的過程是交際雙方所屬的不同文化進行對話的過程,即雙方民族意識之間進行對話的過程。民族語言意識的差別是跨文化交際中出現(xiàn)互不理解現(xiàn)象的原因之一。民族文化差異無疑是導(dǎo)致語言意識差異的諸多因素中的一個最為主要的因素。不了解一個民族的文化及其民族心智特點和民族性格特征,就無法保證交際的順利進行,進而不能成為跨文化交際的有效參與者。詞語反映一個民族的文化,蘊含著豐富的民族文化信息,是民族文化差異的主要體現(xiàn)者。在討論跨文化交際過程時通常是從語言承載者的語言意識出發(fā),通過揭示不同個體語言意識中詞的秘密,以發(fā)現(xiàn)不同民族的文化差異。掌握并正確運用詞匯是實現(xiàn)聽說讀寫等言語能力的基礎(chǔ),因此,外語教學(xué)中詞匯教學(xué)占據(jù)重要地位。詞匯教學(xué)中存在的一個重要問題是如何篩選學(xué)習(xí)材料。為了解決該問題,需要制定篩選教學(xué)材料的標(biāo)準(zhǔn),即選取具有最大教學(xué)價值,并且要不僅有助于學(xué)習(xí)漢語交際,而且有助于熟悉中國文化的詞匯。為此,筆者制定了如下篩選標(biāo)準(zhǔn):具有文化學(xué)和國情學(xué)價值;具有重要社會意義;學(xué)習(xí)者的興趣;大學(xué)生母語文化特征;現(xiàn)實性;主題性;大學(xué)生的語言素養(yǎng)程度;功能性和語用性;直觀性。根據(jù)此標(biāo)準(zhǔn),筆者認(rèn)為,只有語言文化觀念才符合所有上述標(biāo)準(zhǔn)。中俄文化具有差異性,因此反映客觀現(xiàn)實的詞匯概念系統(tǒng)也是不同的,完全對等的詞匯概念是非常少的。造成俄語詞匯和漢語詞匯之間差異的原因有很多,但主要的原因是因為兩種語言中詞匯所蘊含的文化背景知識的不同,因而在教學(xué)中利用語言世界圖景中文化觀念詞進行適當(dāng)?shù)奈幕瘜?dǎo)入顯得非常重要,尤其是在漢語教學(xué)中,因為漢語中含有大量具有豐富文化內(nèi)涵的詞匯。文化觀念詞是概念意與文化內(nèi)涵的結(jié)合體,它使學(xué)生的認(rèn)識不僅進入到物質(zhì)文化層面,更深入到精神文化層面,因此本論文的研究主要涉及詞匯語義及文化意義問題。從關(guān)注語言到關(guān)注語言中的人,這種轉(zhuǎn)向促使現(xiàn)代教學(xué)法研究者們思考如何建立以實現(xiàn)跨文化交際為目的的教學(xué)新模式。在這種模式中,施教者通過在教學(xué)過程中采取一些有效的教學(xué)策略,使外語學(xué)習(xí)者同時成為研究者和被研究對象,讓他們通過比較和聯(lián)系的方式,在已有本族語知識經(jīng)驗的基礎(chǔ)上重新建立新的語言文化系統(tǒng),最終形成外語思維,達到跨文化交際的目的。這也正是本文的研究宗旨。本論文以語言文化學(xué)、心理語言學(xué)和認(rèn)知語言學(xué)理論為基礎(chǔ),利用跨文化交際學(xué)的研究成果開展自己的研究,并深入探討語言、文化及語言意識之間的交叉和互動關(guān)系,以期有效地進行外語教學(xué)。
[Abstract]:The process of cross-cultural communication is the process of dialogue between different cultures, that is, the process of dialogue between the two sides' national consciousness. The difference of national language consciousness is one of the reasons for the phenomenon of mutual understanding in cross-cultural communication. The difference of national culture is undoubtedly one of the most important factors leading to the difference of language consciousness. Without knowing a nation's culture, its national mental characteristics and national character, it is impossible to ensure the smooth progress of communication, and thus can not become an effective participant in cross-cultural communication. Words reflect the culture of a nation, contain rich national cultural information, and are the main embodiment of national cultural differences. When discussing the process of cross-cultural communication, we usually start from the linguistic consciousness of the language bearer, and discover the cultural differences of different nationalities by revealing the secrets of words in different individual language consciousness. Therefore, vocabulary teaching plays an important role in foreign language teaching. An important problem in vocabulary teaching is how to screen learning materials. In order to solve this problem, it is necessary to draw up the criteria for selecting teaching materials, that is, to select the words that have the greatest teaching value, and to help not only learning Chinese communication, but also familiarizing the vocabulary of Chinese culture. For this reason, the author has formulated the following screening criteria: cultural and national value; important social significance; learner's interest; cultural characteristics of college students' mother tongue; reality; theme; degree of language literacy of college students; Function and pragmatics; intuitionism. According to this standard, the author thinks that only the concept of language and culture can meet all the above standards. Chinese and Russian cultures are different, so the system of lexical concepts reflecting objective reality is different, and the concept of complete equivalence is very few. There are many reasons for the difference between Russian vocabulary and Chinese vocabulary, but the main reason is the difference of cultural background knowledge contained in vocabulary in the two languages. Therefore, it is very important to use the words of cultural concept in the language world picture to introduce appropriate culture, especially in the teaching of Chinese, because there are a lot of words with rich cultural connotations in Chinese. Cultural concept words are the combination of conceptual meaning and cultural connotation, which make students' understanding not only enter the material culture level, but also go deep into the spiritual culture level, so the research of this thesis mainly involves the lexical meaning and the cultural meaning. From paying attention to language to paying attention to people in language, this shift has prompted researchers of modern teaching methods to think about how to establish a new teaching model for the purpose of realizing cross-cultural communication. In this model, teachers adopt some effective teaching strategies in the process of teaching, so that foreign language learners become both researchers and subjects of study, so that they can be compared and connected. Based on the existing knowledge and experience of native language, a new linguistic and cultural system is established to form foreign language thinking and achieve the purpose of intercultural communication. This is exactly the purpose of this paper. Based on the theories of linguistic culturology, psycholinguistics and cognitive linguistics, this thesis makes use of the research results of cross-cultural communication, and probes into the intersections and interactions among language, culture and linguistic consciousness. In order to effectively carry out foreign language teaching.
【學(xué)位授予單位】：吉林華橋外國語學(xué)院
【學(xué)位級別】：碩士
【學(xué)位授予年份】：2017
【分類號】：H195.3
，
本文編號：2135863
[Abstract]:The process of cross-cultural communication is the process of dialogue between different cultures, that is, the process of dialogue between the two sides' national consciousness. The difference of national language consciousness is one of the reasons for the phenomenon of mutual understanding in cross-cultural communication. The difference of national culture is undoubtedly one of the most important factors leading to the difference of language consciousness. Without knowing a nation's culture, its national mental characteristics and national character, it is impossible to ensure the smooth progress of communication, and thus can not become an effective participant in cross-cultural communication. Words reflect the culture of a nation, contain rich national cultural information, and are the main embodiment of national cultural differences. When discussing the process of cross-cultural communication, we usually start from the linguistic consciousness of the language bearer, and discover the cultural differences of different nationalities by revealing the secrets of words in different individual language consciousness. Therefore, vocabulary teaching plays an important role in foreign language teaching. An important problem in vocabulary teaching is how to screen learning materials. In order to solve this problem, it is necessary to draw up the criteria for selecting teaching materials, that is, to select the words that have the greatest teaching value, and to help not only learning Chinese communication, but also familiarizing the vocabulary of Chinese culture. For this reason, the author has formulated the following screening criteria: cultural and national value; important social significance; learner's interest; cultural characteristics of college students' mother tongue; reality; theme; degree of language literacy of college students; Function and pragmatics; intuitionism. According to this standard, the author thinks that only the concept of language and culture can meet all the above standards. Chinese and Russian cultures are different, so the system of lexical concepts reflecting objective reality is different, and the concept of complete equivalence is very few. There are many reasons for the difference between Russian vocabulary and Chinese vocabulary, but the main reason is the difference of cultural background knowledge contained in vocabulary in the two languages. Therefore, it is very important to use the words of cultural concept in the language world picture to introduce appropriate culture, especially in the teaching of Chinese, because there are a lot of words with rich cultural connotations in Chinese. Cultural concept words are the combination of conceptual meaning and cultural connotation, which make students' understanding not only enter the material culture level, but also go deep into the spiritual culture level, so the research of this thesis mainly involves the lexical meaning and the cultural meaning. From paying attention to language to paying attention to people in language, this shift has prompted researchers of modern teaching methods to think about how to establish a new teaching model for the purpose of realizing cross-cultural communication. In this model, teachers adopt some effective teaching strategies in the process of teaching, so that foreign language learners become both researchers and subjects of study, so that they can be compared and connected. Based on the existing knowledge and experience of native language, a new linguistic and cultural system is established to form foreign language thinking and achieve the purpose of intercultural communication. This is exactly the purpose of this paper. Based on the theories of linguistic culturology, psycholinguistics and cognitive linguistics, this thesis makes use of the research results of cross-cultural communication, and probes into the intersections and interactions among language, culture and linguistic consciousness. In order to effectively carry out foreign language teaching.
【學(xué)位授予單位】：吉林華橋外國語學(xué)院
【學(xué)位級別】：碩士
【學(xué)位授予年份】：2017
【分類號】：H195.3
，
本文編號：2135863
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