本文選題：言語行為 + 請求��； 參考：《東北師范大學》2017年碩士論文

【摘要】：近年來,隨著語用學和兒童話語能力研究的不斷深入,兒童交際話語和語用能力也越來越引起學者們的重視。請求話語作為日常交際中具有代表性的言語行為也逐漸成為焦點。因此,對兒童請求類言語行為使用的分析具有一定的研究價值。本文在前人研究的基礎上,從言語行為理論和兒童認知發(fā)展理論出發(fā),對電視節(jié)目《爸爸去哪兒》中4-6歲孩子的請求類言語行為進行了較為詳致的分析,以探索其特點和規(guī)律。研究發(fā)現(xiàn),兒童在請求時運用的策略與兒童的認知能力、兒童認知發(fā)展階段以及社會能力緊密相關(guān)。兒童言語行為和語用能力的研究有助于兒童語言發(fā)展,并對兒童語言教學和社交能力培養(yǎng)具有重要的實踐意義。本文共分為五個章節(jié)。第一章闡述了研究背景、研究問題、研究意義以及文章結(jié)構(gòu)。第二章梳理了國內(nèi)外學者在言語行為理論,請求類言語行為和兒童請求類言語行為方面的主要研究脈絡。第三章是理論基礎,包含了言語行為理論,請求類言語行為,禮貌原則和皮亞杰的兒童認知發(fā)展理論。第四章是語料分析及探討,選取電視節(jié)目《爸爸去哪兒》中一位4歲的孩子的話語作為語料來源,對其請求類言語行為進行了分析�；谕踉婟g的話語,對其請求類言語行為和原因進行了分析和探討。第五章是論文結(jié)論部分。作者通過分析發(fā)現(xiàn),不同于成人,兒童的請求類言語行為傾向于使用陳述句來表達直接請求、疑問句來表達間接請求。并且兒童的非規(guī)約性間接請求需要聽者根據(jù)具體情境進行解讀。同時,兒童更愿意使用警示語來表達請求。當他們做出請求行為時,如成人一樣,他們也會提供支持性言語并且運用禮貌原則。立足于皮亞杰的兒童發(fā)展理論,作者發(fā)現(xiàn),自我中心主義、缺乏認知能力、以及社會與文化知識不足是兒童請求言語行為呈現(xiàn)突出特點的深層原因。這些發(fā)現(xiàn)可以幫助人們更好的了解兒童言語的使用,從而更好地與之交流。同時,這些發(fā)現(xiàn)對兒童語言能力和交際能力的培養(yǎng)有所指引。除此之外,本文啟示家長與教育者尋找更好的方式幫助兒童正確使用語言準確并流利地表達自我。
[Abstract]:In recent years, with the development of pragmatics and children's discourse competence, children's communicative discourse and pragmatic competence have attracted more and more attention. As a representative speech act in daily communication, request discourse has gradually become the focus. Therefore, the analysis of the use of children's speech acts of request has a certain value. On the basis of previous studies and from the theory of speech act and the theory of children's cognitive development, this paper makes a detailed analysis of the pleading speech acts of 4-6 year-old children in TV program where Dad goes, in order to explore its characteristics and rules. It is found that the strategies used by children at the time of request are closely related to their cognitive ability, the stage of their cognitive development and their social abilities. The study of children's speech act and pragmatic competence is helpful to the development of children's language, and also has important practical significance for the development of children's language teaching and social competence. This paper is divided into five chapters. The first chapter elaborates the research background, the research question, the research significance and the article structure. The second chapter reviews the main research context of speech act theory, request speech act and children's request speech act at home and abroad. The third chapter is the theoretical basis, including speech act theory, request speech act, politeness principle and Piaget's theory of children's cognitive development. The fourth chapter analyzes the speech of a 4-year-old child in the TV program where Dad goes, and analyzes the speech acts of his request. Based on Wang's discourse, this paper analyzes and discusses the speech acts and causes of his requests. The fifth chapter is the conclusion of the paper. The author finds that, unlike adults, children tend to use declarative sentences to express direct requests and questions to express indirect requests. Moreover, children's non-statutory indirect requests need to be interpreted by the listeners according to the specific situation. At the same time, children prefer to use warning language to express their requests. When they make requests, like adults, they provide supportive language and apply politeness. Based on Piaget's theory of child development, the author finds that self-centeredness, lack of cognitive ability and lack of social and cultural knowledge are the underlying reasons for the prominent characteristics of children's speech acts of request. These findings can help people better understand and communicate with children's speech. At the same time, these findings have some guidance for the development of children's language competence and communicative competence. In addition, this paper enlightens parents and educators to find better ways to help children express themselves correctly and fluently.
【學位授予單位】：東北師范大學
【學位級別】：碩士
【學位授予年份】：2017
【分類號】：H136

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