本文選題：福州方言 + 松緊韻母�。� 參考：《南京師范大學(xué)》2017年碩士論文

【摘要】：福州方言屬于閩東方言侯官片,擁有完整的成對(duì)相配的松緊韻母。本文主要采用聲學(xué)實(shí)驗(yàn)與生理實(shí)驗(yàn)的方法研究福州方言松緊韻母的聲學(xué)表現(xiàn)及生理特征,并與音系學(xué)相結(jié)合重?cái)M福州方言韻母系統(tǒng),探討松緊韻母的判斷依據(jù)。本項(xiàng)實(shí)驗(yàn)研究首先將45對(duì)松緊韻母按韻母特點(diǎn)分為7類,從元音系統(tǒng)出發(fā),通過(guò)Praat軟件提取元音的F1、F2數(shù)據(jù),繪制各元音聲學(xué)元音圖,總結(jié)每個(gè)元音的聲學(xué)空間分布規(guī)律,對(duì)比松緊韻母元音系統(tǒng),初步得出結(jié)論:整體而言福州方言松韻母元音比緊韻母元音舌位更低更后些,松韻母是由緊韻母低化復(fù)化形成的,他們之間存在低化鏈變的過(guò)程,但也有例外,如低元音a在元音系統(tǒng)中無(wú)法再低化。通過(guò)共振峰模式與時(shí)長(zhǎng),深入研究了松緊韻母結(jié)構(gòu)中的動(dòng)態(tài)元音,解析了韻母內(nèi)部的時(shí)長(zhǎng)結(jié)構(gòu)。主要結(jié)論有:(1)除丙類松緊韻母有明顯的音值差異外,大多數(shù)甲類與乙類中的松緊韻母音值差異不大,可擬定為同一韻母。但存在例外,如:元音o與(?)的音值存在差異;(2)陰聲韻乙類與陽(yáng)聲韻甲類中的陽(yáng)平調(diào)緊韻母,與松韻母有著極其相似的特征;(3)陰聲韻乙類、陽(yáng)聲韻甲類與丙類中,松韻母韻尾所占時(shí)長(zhǎng)比明顯短于緊韻母;(4)福州方言韻母中有真性復(fù)合元音,如緊韻母[iu]、[ui]; (5)松緊韻母[iu]、[ui]的差別不在于二合元音與三合元音,主要在于內(nèi)部時(shí)長(zhǎng)比,松韻母尾元音所占時(shí)長(zhǎng)比小于緊韻母。從發(fā)聲類型看,福州方言韻母有正常嗓音、緊喉音、氣嗓音,而松緊韻母間不存在發(fā)聲類型的對(duì)立。但韻母前1/3段,緊韻母的開商值明顯小于松韻母,可知起始階段緊韻母的發(fā)聲更緊些。本文綜合實(shí)驗(yàn)結(jié)果探討了福州方言松緊韻母的判斷依據(jù),列出特征判斷矩陣:主特征為韻母前1/3段開商值與起始調(diào)值的高低,次特征為元音是否低化、復(fù)化,韻母時(shí)長(zhǎng),韻尾所占時(shí)長(zhǎng)比。
[Abstract]:Fuzhou dialect belongs to Mindong dialect Hou Guan film, with a complete match of tight vowels. In this paper, acoustic experiments and physiological experiments are used to study the acoustic performance and physiological characteristics of the loosely compacted vowels in Fuzhou dialect, and combining with phonology to redraw the vowel system of Fuzhou dialect, the judgment basis of the loose-tight vowels is discussed. In this experiment, 45 pairs of compact vowels are divided into 7 categories according to the vowel characteristics. Based on the vowel system, the data of the vowel F1F _ 2 are extracted by Praat software, and the acoustic vowels of each vowel are plotted, and the acoustic spatial distribution of each vowel is summarized. Comparing with the vowel system of compact vowels, it is concluded that in general, the vowels in Fuzhou dialect are lower and later than the vowels of compact vowels, and the loose vowels are formed by the recombination of compact vowels, and there is a process of low chain change between them. There are exceptions, such as the low vowel a can no longer be lowered in the vowel system. In this paper, the dynamic vowels in the structure of compact vowels are studied by means of the resonance peak mode and the duration of the vowels, and the time-length structures inside the vowels are analyzed. The main conclusions are as follows: (1) except for the significant differences in the phonological values of the class C constrictive vowels, most of the vowels in category A and B have little difference and can be formulated as the same vowel. But there are exceptions, such as vowels o and (?) (2) the phonetic vowels of Yin rhyme B and Yang rhyme A have very similar characteristics with Matsu vowels, (3) Yin rhyme B, Yang rhyme A and C, (4) there are true compound vowels in the vowels of Fuzhou dialect, such as tight vowels [iu], [UI], (5) the differences between consonant vowels [iu], [UI] and [UI] do not lie in the dijoint vowels and triplet vowels, but mainly in the internal timespan ratio. The time ratio of the vowels of the loose vowels is less than that of the compact vowels. The vowel of Fuzhou dialect has normal voice, tight throat sound and air voice, but there is no opposition between loosening vowels. However, the opening quotient of compact vowel is obviously lower than that of loose vowel in the first 1 / 3 segment of vowel. Based on the experimental results, this paper discusses the judgment basis of the loose-tight vowel in Fuzhou dialect, and lists the characteristic judgment matrix: the main feature is the level of the opening quotient and the initial modulation value of the first 1 / 3 segment of the vowel, the secondary characteristic is whether the vowel is low, the repetition, the duration of the vowel, and the duration of the vowel. The ratio of the length of time to the end of the rhyme.
【學(xué)位授予單位】：南京師范大學(xué)
【學(xué)位級(jí)別】：碩士
【學(xué)位授予年份】：2017
【分類號(hào)】：H177

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