發(fā)布時(shí)間：2018-06-20 20:11

  本文選題：“《漢書(shū)》列傳” + 被動(dòng)句��； 參考：《貴州師范大學(xué)》2017年碩士論文

【摘要】：被動(dòng)句在古代漢語(yǔ)的表達(dá)中占有重要地位。被動(dòng)句的句法結(jié)構(gòu)表現(xiàn)為動(dòng)作的承受者在前,動(dòng)作的發(fā)出者在后,并且能夠在交際過(guò)程中使相應(yīng)的成分得以凸顯、強(qiáng)化,是一種重要的語(yǔ)言現(xiàn)象。早在《馬氏文通》(1)中就已有相關(guān)解釋。經(jīng)過(guò)一個(gè)多世紀(jì),被動(dòng)句的研究成果已經(jīng)形成了一個(gè)體系。本文就在這些研究的基礎(chǔ)上,選取被動(dòng)句研究較少的“《漢書(shū)》列傳”作為研究對(duì)象,以三個(gè)平面的理論為研究指導(dǎo),從共時(shí)的角度對(duì)“《漢書(shū)》列傳”被動(dòng)句的類型、構(gòu)成成分、語(yǔ)義、語(yǔ)用等特征進(jìn)行分析描述并力圖找到內(nèi)在的規(guī)律。全文分六個(gè)部分:一、引言。分別從歷時(shí)和共時(shí)兩個(gè)方面介紹了古代漢語(yǔ)被動(dòng)句的研究現(xiàn)狀,明確了被動(dòng)句的概念以及相關(guān)分類;介紹了“《漢書(shū)》列傳”的研究現(xiàn)狀、版本選擇、材料處理、研究?jī)r(jià)值和意義以及論文中運(yùn)用到的相關(guān)語(yǔ)法理論和研究方法。二、被動(dòng)句類型分析。對(duì)“《漢書(shū)》列傳”被動(dòng)句的句法結(jié)構(gòu)進(jìn)行分類解析,將其分為兩類,分別是以“于、為、被、見(jiàn)”為標(biāo)志的有標(biāo)志被動(dòng)句和以“可、足、得、當(dāng)”為標(biāo)志的被動(dòng)句,并對(duì)此進(jìn)行了被動(dòng)句類型分析。三、被動(dòng)句構(gòu)成成分分析。從句法的角度將被動(dòng)句切分出謂詞性結(jié)構(gòu)、受事主語(yǔ)、施事賓語(yǔ)三種句法成分,并對(duì)其構(gòu)成特征進(jìn)行分析總結(jié),同時(shí)對(duì)于被動(dòng)句中受事主語(yǔ)、施事賓語(yǔ)的省隱情況也進(jìn)行了較為細(xì)致的歸納概述。四、被動(dòng)句語(yǔ)義分析。對(duì)謂語(yǔ)動(dòng)詞的配價(jià)情況進(jìn)行分析,“《漢書(shū)》列傳”被動(dòng)句中的謂語(yǔ)動(dòng)詞多為二價(jià)或三價(jià)動(dòng)詞,并且大多數(shù)含有[動(dòng)作性],是動(dòng)作動(dòng)詞。同時(shí)也對(duì)受事、施事的語(yǔ)義特征進(jìn)行剖析梳理,認(rèn)為“《漢書(shū)》列傳”中充當(dāng)受事主語(yǔ)、施事賓語(yǔ)的成分大多具有[有生命]、[定指]的特點(diǎn)。之后,在此基礎(chǔ)上分別對(duì)二價(jià)動(dòng)詞和三價(jià)動(dòng)詞所形成的語(yǔ)義結(jié)構(gòu)模式的進(jìn)行了歸納,明確了“《漢書(shū)》列傳”中被動(dòng)句的基本語(yǔ)義結(jié)構(gòu)模式。五、被動(dòng)句語(yǔ)用分析。分別對(duì)有標(biāo)志被動(dòng)句“可、足、得、當(dāng)”類被動(dòng)句的語(yǔ)用色彩進(jìn)行分析,認(rèn)為“《漢書(shū)》列傳”被動(dòng)句中表示不幸的語(yǔ)用色彩占比較大,其次為表示中性的語(yǔ)用色彩,而表示幸運(yùn)色彩的被動(dòng)句在“《漢書(shū)》列傳”中數(shù)量較少。六、結(jié)論。
[Abstract]:Passive sentences play an important role in the expression of ancient Chinese. It is an important linguistic phenomenon that the syntactic structure of passive sentences shows that the acceptor of the action is before, the issuer of the action is behind, and can highlight and strengthen the corresponding components in the process of communication. As early as in the "Ma Shi Wen Tong" 1) has been related to the explanation. After more than a century, the research results of passive sentences have formed a system. On the basis of these studies, this paper selects the passive sentence "Han Shu" as the research object, taking the theory of three planes as the research guide, and from the synchronic angle, analyzes the types of passive sentences in "Han Shu", "Biography of the Han Dynasty". Components, semantics, pragmatics and other characteristics are analyzed and described and try to find out the internal law. The full text is divided into six parts: first, introduction. This paper introduces the current research situation of passive sentences in ancient Chinese from diachronic and synchronic aspects, clarifies the concept and classification of passive sentences, and introduces the research status, edition selection, material processing of "Biography of Han Shu". The research value and significance as well as the relevant grammatical theories and research methods used in this paper. Second, the type analysis of passive sentence. In this paper, the syntactic structure of the passive sentences in the Biography of Han Dynasty is classified and analyzed, and they are divided into two categories: marked passive sentences marked by "Yu, for, be, see" and passive sentences marked "can, sufficient, get, when". The passive sentence types are analyzed. Third, the composition analysis of passive sentence. From the syntactic point of view, the passive sentence can be divided into three syntactic components: predicate structure, subject, agent object, and its constituent features are analyzed and summarized, and at the same time, the subject in passive sentence is analyzed and summarized. The implicit situation of the agent object is also summarized in detail. Fourth, the semantic analysis of passive sentences. This paper analyzes the valency of predicate verbs. The predicate verbs in the passive sentences are mostly bivalent or trivalent verbs, and most of them are action verbs. At the same time, it also analyzes the semantic characteristics of the agent, and holds that the subject of the subject in the Biography of Han Dynasty is the subject of the subject, and most of the components of the agent object have the characteristics of "living" and "definite reference". On this basis, the semantic structure patterns of bivalent verbs and trivalent verbs are summarized, and the basic semantic structure patterns of passive sentences in Biography of Han Dynasty are clarified. Fifth, pragmatic analysis of passive sentences. By analyzing the pragmatic color of the passive sentence with signs "can, enough, and when", it is concluded that the pragmatic color of the passive sentence in "Han Shu > Biography" is relatively large, followed by the neutral pragmatic color. The number of passive sentences indicating lucky color is less in Biography of Han Shu. VI. Conclusions
【學(xué)位授予單位】：貴州師范大學(xué)
【學(xué)位級(jí)別】：碩士
【學(xué)位授予年份】：2017
【分類號(hào)】：H141

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本文編號(hào)：2045528