本文選題：語言態(tài)度 + 語言能力��； 參考：《揚(yáng)州大學(xué)》2017年碩士論文

【摘要】：揚(yáng)州作為一座歷史文化名城,旅游業(yè)發(fā)展迅速,城市化進(jìn)程加快,新城區(qū)如雨后春筍般成長壯大。但對老城區(qū)來說,城市進(jìn)程的快速發(fā)展使得現(xiàn)代化元素逐漸與之脫離,顯得古老、落后。除了硬件設(shè)施不足以外,老城區(qū)的語言問題也應(yīng)該引起重視。本研究主要在探究揚(yáng)州老城區(qū)語言生活狀況的基礎(chǔ)上,分析居民語言使用、語言態(tài)度、語言能力三方面的情況。研究發(fā)現(xiàn),居民語言使用以方言為主。在家庭領(lǐng)域中,祖父子三輩選擇語碼各有側(cè)重,祖輩與子女交流時基本選擇方言,與孫子女交流選擇普通話稍多一些;父輩的方言以及普通話的使用頻率相當(dāng);子輩在面對長輩時更多選擇方言。配偶之間的交流也基本選擇方言。此外,如果在家庭中討論一些特定話題時,普通話的使用率會上升。在社區(qū)語言使用中,交際對象越親近,居民使用方言越頻繁;交際話題越正式,交際場合越正規(guī),選擇普通話概率越高,例如在醫(yī)院、學(xué)校等對普通話有較高要求的場所。在語言態(tài)度上,居民對揚(yáng)州話的情感態(tài)度評價最高,行為傾向以及功能評價上略低;對普通話,居民不管是從情感評價,還是在行為傾向或者功能上,都表現(xiàn)出積極明朗態(tài)度,因為他們認(rèn)為普通話是標(biāo)準(zhǔn)語,是以后在社會立足的必備語言素質(zhì);對英語的態(tài)度評價上,最積極樂觀態(tài)度體現(xiàn)在英語功能評價,情感上似乎沒有特別的喜好,但是對子女英語能力期待,父母表現(xiàn)出較高熱情。此外,居民的社會特征對不同語言的態(tài)度影響顯著程度不一,對方言和英語的態(tài)度影響較小,而普通話的態(tài)度受到職業(yè)、文化程度以及街坊功能的影響。對居民語言能力的調(diào)查,本研究主要根據(jù)他們自報的情況分析,并結(jié)合訪談中的觀察,大部分居民的方言能力比較熟練,這是與觀察后的情況相符合的。對普通話的聽說能力,其實有一部分人帶有比較明顯的方言色彩,但是說話者個人并不自知,因為長年生活的方言環(huán)境會無形中將方言習(xí)慣滲透到普通話中,不知不覺,在使用普通話時會帶有方言音調(diào),但是也不會耽誤交流,固然沒有引起重視。調(diào)查還發(fā)現(xiàn)了一些問題,如居民雙言意識的薄弱、普通話發(fā)音不標(biāo)準(zhǔn)的不自知等。筆者也對城市語言狀況提出思考并給出相關(guān)建議。居民應(yīng)該樹立正確的語言態(tài)度,積極主動地培養(yǎng)方言與普通話的雙言能力。對于不同功能街坊的語言規(guī)劃,政府要因地制宜,針對不同區(qū)域采取不同的語言規(guī)劃方案。
[Abstract]:Yangzhou, as a famous historical and cultural city, has a rapid development of tourism and rapid urbanization. But for the old city, the rapid development of the urban process makes the modern elements gradually separated from it, and appears old and backward. In addition to the lack of hardware facilities, the language problem in the old city should also be taken seriously. Based on the study of language life in Yangzhou, this study analyzes the language use, language attitude and language ability of residents. The study found that dialect is the main language used by residents. In the field of family, the three generations of grandfather have their own emphasis on the choice of code, the ancestors basically choose dialect when they communicate with their children, and they choose more Putonghua to communicate with their grandchildren, and the parents' dialects and Putonghua are used in the same frequency. Children are more likely to choose dialects in the face of their elders. The communication between spouses also basically chooses dialect. In addition, Putonghua usage increases when a particular topic is discussed in the home. In community language use, the closer the communicative object, the more frequently the residents use dialect; the more formal the communication topic, the more formal the communication situation, the higher the probability of choosing Putonghua, such as in hospitals, schools and other places with higher requirements for Putonghua. In terms of language attitude, residents have the highest evaluation of emotional attitude towards Yangzhou dialect, slightly lower behavioral tendency and function evaluation; for Putonghua, residents show a positive and clear attitude in terms of emotional evaluation, behavioral tendency or function. Because they think that Putonghua is a standard language and a necessary language quality to establish itself in society in the future. The most positive and optimistic attitude towards English is reflected in the evaluation of English functions, and it seems that there is no particular affective preference for it. However, the parents showed a high enthusiasm for their children's English proficiency. In addition, the social characteristics of the residents have different influences on the attitudes of different languages, while the attitudes of the other language and English have little influence, while the attitudes of Putonghua are influenced by occupation, education level and the function of the neighborhood. According to the investigation of residents' language ability, this study mainly analyzes their self-reported situation, and combined with the observation in the interview, the majority of the residents' dialect ability is more proficient, which is consistent with the observed situation. In fact, some of the people who have spoken and heard Putonghua have a more obvious dialect color, but the speaker himself is not aware of it, because the dialect environment in which he has lived for many years will imperceptibly infiltrate dialect habits into Putonghua, unconsciously. Putonghua has a dialect tone, but does not delay communication, although it does not attract attention. The survey also found some problems, such as the weak awareness of dual-language, the substandard pronunciation of Putonghua, and so on. The author also puts forward some thoughts and suggestions on the state of urban language. Residents should establish a correct language attitude and actively develop the dual-language ability of dialect and Mandarin. For the language planning of different functional neighborhoods, the government should adopt different language planning schemes according to local conditions.
【學(xué)位授予單位】：揚(yáng)州大學(xué)
【學(xué)位級別】：碩士
【學(xué)位授予年份】：2017
【分類號】：H002

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