本文選題：做 + 干　； 參考：《南京師范大學(xué)》2017年碩士論文

【摘要】：在現(xiàn)代漢語(yǔ)中,“做”、“干”、“搞”、“弄”是四個(gè)使用頻率很高的典型性泛義動(dòng)詞。本文以四者為研究對(duì)象,采取個(gè)案分析和宏觀總結(jié)的方式,分別從句法、語(yǔ)義、語(yǔ)用三個(gè)平面對(duì)其進(jìn)行描寫(xiě)和比較,探析它們?cè)趯?shí)際使用中所表現(xiàn)出來(lái)的聯(lián)系和區(qū)別,以服務(wù)于現(xiàn)代漢語(yǔ)泛義動(dòng)詞的本體研究和對(duì)外漢語(yǔ)教學(xué)。在句法平面,“做”、“干”、“搞”、“弄”具有相似的語(yǔ)法特征和句法分布環(huán)境,均有替代實(shí)義動(dòng)詞的功能。相較而言,“做”和“干”、“搞”和“弄”分別具有更高的相似度�！白觥眱A向于帶賓語(yǔ);“干”更側(cè)重于獨(dú)立作謂語(yǔ),動(dòng)作性強(qiáng);“搞”的句法搭配能力和替代能力最強(qiáng),賓語(yǔ)語(yǔ)義最不受限制;“弄”后跟結(jié)果補(bǔ)語(yǔ)和狀態(tài)補(bǔ)語(yǔ)的比例很高。它們替代實(shí)義動(dòng)詞的范圍各有偏重,替代能力從高到低為“搞”、“做”、“弄”、“干”。在語(yǔ)義平面,“做”、“干”、“搞”、“弄”在義項(xiàng)分類上有交叉,存在一些共同的義項(xiàng)范圍;但是相同的義項(xiàng),在語(yǔ)義指向、賓語(yǔ)范圍等方面仍有不同的側(cè)重�！案恪钡脑~義最為豐富,其次是“做”,再次是“弄”和“干”。它們含有一些共有的語(yǔ)義特征,如[+動(dòng)作]、[+及物]、[+自主]、[+持續(xù)]。但是伴隨著在句中所作成分及句法搭配的區(qū)別,在泛義化的基礎(chǔ)上,又有各自較為顯著、區(qū)別于其他泛義動(dòng)詞的語(yǔ)義特征。在語(yǔ)用平面,就語(yǔ)體分布來(lái)講,四個(gè)泛義動(dòng)詞書(shū)面語(yǔ)色彩的強(qiáng)弱從高到低為“做”、“搞”、“干”、“弄”。“做” 一般用作書(shū)面用語(yǔ),較正式;“弄”的口語(yǔ)色彩非常強(qiáng)烈。就感情色彩來(lái)講,“做”多為中性,“干”有褒有貶,“搞”以貶義和中性為主,貶義色彩較重,“弄”的貶義色彩很濃。就地域色彩來(lái)講,“弄”和“干”是北方方言,其中“弄”多用于中原地區(qū);“搞”的書(shū)面語(yǔ)色彩漸濃,但在地域上仍然偏向于南方地區(qū)使用;“做”已然沒(méi)有地域性特征。
[Abstract]:In modern Chinese, "do", "get" and "long" are four typical universal verbs that are frequently used. Taking the four as the object of study, this paper uses the method of case analysis and macroscopic summary to describe and compare them from the three planes of syntax, semantics and pragmatics, and analyzes their relations and differences in practical use. In order to serve the Noumenon of modern Chinese universal verbs and teaching Chinese as a foreign language. In syntactic plane, "do", "do" and "Nong" have similar grammatical characteristics and syntactic distribution environment. By contrast, "do" and "do", "do" and "get" have higher similarity respectively. "do" tends to have object; "Gan" is more focused on independent predicate and strong action; "do" has the strongest ability of syntactic collocation and substitution, and the semantic meaning of object is the least restricted; "Nong" followed by result complement and state complement has a high proportion. The range of their substitutions is different, and the substitution ability is from high to low to doing, doing and doing. In the semantic plane, "do", "get" and "get" have some common meaning scope, but the same meaning still has different emphases in semantic direction, object scope and so on. The word "get" has the most abundant meaning, followed by "do", again "get" and "dry". They contain some common semantic features, such as action, transitivity, autonomy, and persistence. However, along with the differences between the components and syntactic collocations in sentences, there are significant differences between them on the basis of generalization, which are different from the semantic features of other universal verbs. On the pragmatic plane, in terms of style distribution, the color of the four universal verb written words is from high to low for "doing", "doing" and "making". "do" is generally used in writing, more formal; "Nong" very strong colloquial color. In terms of emotional color, "do" is mostly neutral, "dry" is positive and derogatory, "do" is mainly derogatory and neutral, derogatory color is heavy, and "get" is very derogatory. In terms of regional color, "Nong" and "Gan" are northern dialects, in which "Nong" is mostly used in the Central Plains, and the written language of "Dao" is becoming more and more colorful, but still tends to be used in the southern region, and "do" has no regional characteristics.
【學(xué)位授予單位】：南京師范大學(xué)
【學(xué)位級(jí)別】：碩士
【學(xué)位授予年份】：2017
【分類號(hào)】：H195

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本文編號(hào)：1980098