本文選題：親屬稱謂 + 漢語(yǔ)　； 參考：《新疆師范大學(xué)》2017年碩士論文

【摘要】：親屬稱謂是語(yǔ)言詞匯系統(tǒng)的重要組成部分,在歷史發(fā)展過(guò)程中其發(fā)生的變化較小,具有一定的穩(wěn)定性與系統(tǒng)性。它不僅僅是一種簡(jiǎn)單的稱呼符號(hào),人類社會(huì)的血緣關(guān)系、古老的婚姻習(xí)俗、不同民族的制度文化,都能從親屬稱謂中反映出來(lái),具有很強(qiáng)的民族性,因此有人將親屬稱謂叫做“人類歷史文化的語(yǔ)言化石”。漢語(yǔ)屬于漢藏語(yǔ)系漢語(yǔ)族,在其發(fā)展過(guò)程中經(jīng)歷了上古漢語(yǔ)、中古漢語(yǔ)、近代漢語(yǔ)和現(xiàn)代漢語(yǔ)階段,雖然如此,卻很少受到外來(lái)語(yǔ)的影響,僅在漢語(yǔ)內(nèi)部發(fā)生變化。此外,漢族自古重農(nóng)輕商,小農(nóng)經(jīng)濟(jì)對(duì)漢文化的形成也產(chǎn)生了一定的影響,所以漢語(yǔ)親屬稱謂系統(tǒng)紛繁復(fù)雜,是描述型的親屬稱謂。塔吉克語(yǔ)屬于印歐語(yǔ)系印度-伊朗語(yǔ)族伊朗語(yǔ)支,是波斯語(yǔ)在中亞的一個(gè)分支,并受到了波斯語(yǔ)、突厥語(yǔ)、俄語(yǔ)等多種語(yǔ)言的影響,在半游牧半農(nóng)耕的基礎(chǔ)上形成了類分型親屬稱謂系統(tǒng)。隨著國(guó)家“一帶一路”戰(zhàn)略構(gòu)想的提出,中國(guó)和塔吉克斯坦的友好經(jīng)濟(jì)合作和文化交流將越來(lái)越頻繁,研究?jī)煞N語(yǔ)言親屬稱謂的不同將加深彼此的文化認(rèn)同感,促進(jìn)“一帶一路”戰(zhàn)略更好地發(fā)展。另一方面,自2008年8月28日塔吉克斯坦民族大學(xué)孔子學(xué)院成立以來(lái),在漢語(yǔ)教學(xué)方面取得了很大成就,也遇到了一些問(wèn)題,而親屬稱謂教學(xué)的問(wèn)題也越來(lái)越凸顯,對(duì)比研究?jī)煞N語(yǔ)言親屬稱謂將有利于這一問(wèn)題的解決。本文通過(guò)描寫和對(duì)比的方法,首先從宗親、外親和姻親三個(gè)方面分別描寫漢語(yǔ)和塔吉克語(yǔ)的親屬稱謂,其次對(duì)漢語(yǔ)和塔吉克語(yǔ)親屬稱謂從義項(xiàng)分析、語(yǔ)用特征以及親屬稱謂所蘊(yùn)含的歷史文化等多角度進(jìn)行對(duì)比。通過(guò)對(duì)漢語(yǔ)與塔吉克語(yǔ)親屬稱謂語(yǔ)言學(xué)及文化學(xué)方面的研究,得出兩者在語(yǔ)言學(xué)層面的異同,以及產(chǎn)生這些異同的文化因素,并根據(jù)文章得出的結(jié)論提出相應(yīng)的漢語(yǔ)親屬稱謂教學(xué)策略,用以促進(jìn)當(dāng)?shù)氐臐h語(yǔ)教學(xué)。文章共分四個(gè)章節(jié)。第一章緒論部分闡述了本文寫作目的與意義以及國(guó)內(nèi)外關(guān)于親屬稱謂的研究現(xiàn)狀,界定了親屬稱謂的定義及分類,討論了穆多克提出的六種親屬制度。第二章從宗親、外親和姻親三方面對(duì)漢語(yǔ)、塔吉克語(yǔ)親屬稱謂語(yǔ)系統(tǒng)分別進(jìn)行詳細(xì)的描寫。第三章主要從義項(xiàng)分析、語(yǔ)用特征、歷史文化等角度對(duì)兩種親屬稱謂進(jìn)行對(duì)比分析,其中歷史文化包括婚姻制度、家庭觀念、社會(huì)經(jīng)濟(jì)形式、語(yǔ)言發(fā)展歷史等四個(gè)方面。第四章以對(duì)比研究結(jié)果為依據(jù),提出針對(duì)漢語(yǔ)親屬稱謂的教學(xué)方法,以促進(jìn)漢語(yǔ)作為第二語(yǔ)言教學(xué)的繁榮發(fā)展。
[Abstract]:Kinship appellation is an important part of language lexical system. In the course of historical development, the change of kinship appellation is relatively small, and it has certain stability and systematicness. It is not only a kind of simple address symbol, the blood relation of human society, the ancient marriage custom, the system culture of different nationality, all can be reflected from the kinship appellation, have very strong nationality. Therefore, some people call relatives "language fossils of human history and culture". Chinese belongs to the Chinese family of Han and Tibetan languages. In its development, it has experienced the stages of upper ancient Chinese, middle ancient Chinese, modern Chinese and modern Chinese, but it is seldom influenced by foreign words and changed only within Chinese. In addition, the Han nationality pays more attention to agriculture than commerce since ancient times, and the small peasant economy also has a certain influence on the formation of Chinese culture, so the Chinese kinship appellation system is complicated and descriptive kinship appellation. The Tajik language, which belongs to the Indo-European Indo-Iranian language family, is a branch of Persian in Central Asia and has been influenced by many languages, such as Farsi, Turkic, Russian and so on. On the basis of semi-nomadic and semi-farming, the system of kinship appellation was formed. With the development of the national "Belt and Road" strategic concept, the friendly economic cooperation and cultural exchanges between China and Tajikistan will become more and more frequent. Studying the differences in kinship terms between the two languages will deepen each other's cultural identity. To promote better development of the "Belt and Road" strategy. On the other hand, since the establishment of the Confucius Institute of Tajikistan University for nationalities on August 28, 2008, great achievements have been made in the teaching of Chinese, and some problems have been encountered. A comparative study of kinship terms in two languages will help to solve this problem. By means of description and comparison, this paper first describes the kinship terms of Chinese and Tajik from the three aspects of kinship, affinity and in-laws, and then analyzes the kinship terms of Chinese and Tajik from the meaning. The pragmatic features and the historical and cultural implications of kinship terms are compared. Through the study of Chinese and Tajik kinship appellation linguistics and culturology, the similarities and differences between them in linguistic level and the cultural factors that give rise to these similarities and differences are obtained. According to the conclusion of the paper, the author puts forward the corresponding teaching strategy of kinship appellation in order to promote the local Chinese teaching. The article is divided into four chapters. The first chapter introduces the purpose and significance of this paper and the present situation of research on kinship appellation at home and abroad, defines the definition and classification of kinship appellation, and discusses the six kinship systems put forward by Muddock. The second chapter gives a detailed description of Chinese and Tajik kinship appellations from the three aspects of kinship and affinity. The third chapter makes a comparative analysis of the two kinship terms from the perspective of meaning analysis, pragmatic characteristics, history and culture, including marriage system, family concept, social and economic forms, and history of language development. Based on the results of comparative study, the fourth chapter puts forward the teaching method of Chinese kinship appellation to promote the prosperity of Chinese as a second language teaching.
【學(xué)位授予單位】：新疆師范大學(xué)
【學(xué)位級(jí)別】：碩士
【學(xué)位授予年份】：2017
【分類號(hào)】：H195.3

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