本文選題：三原方言 + 構(gòu)詞��； 參考：《中央民族大學(xué)》2017年博士論文

【摘要】：本文以隸屬于中原官話區(qū)關(guān)中片的陜西三原方言為研究對(duì)象,選取三原方言中的變調(diào)構(gòu)詞、詞綴、重疊、時(shí)體系統(tǒng)和特殊句式五部分具有方言特色的語(yǔ)法現(xiàn)象作為主要研究?jī)?nèi)容,在形式和意義相結(jié)合的方法論指導(dǎo)下,對(duì)語(yǔ)法事實(shí)進(jìn)行挖掘和描寫,同時(shí)對(duì)于部分語(yǔ)法現(xiàn)象結(jié)合類型學(xué)和語(yǔ)法化的現(xiàn)有理論進(jìn)行梳理和分析。通過(guò)對(duì)語(yǔ)言材料的語(yǔ)音形式、結(jié)構(gòu)形式、語(yǔ)法功能、語(yǔ)義特點(diǎn)、語(yǔ)用條件的描寫、比較和分析,從語(yǔ)法、語(yǔ)義、語(yǔ)用三個(gè)維度的考察揭示出三原方言在構(gòu)詞法、廣義構(gòu)形手段、語(yǔ)法范疇、句式句法四個(gè)方面的主要語(yǔ)法特點(diǎn)。全文共分七章。第一章:緒論。主要介紹三原的地理位置、歷史文化和人口經(jīng)濟(jì)等基本情況,并對(duì)三原方言的聲韻調(diào)系統(tǒng)、研究現(xiàn)狀、本文的研究對(duì)象和內(nèi)容、本文所依據(jù)的理論方法、語(yǔ)料來(lái)源及文章體例進(jìn)行說(shuō)明。第二章:變調(diào)構(gòu)詞。先對(duì)變調(diào)構(gòu)詞中的一對(duì)基本概念"原始詞"和"滋生詞"進(jìn)行辨析,在此前提下對(duì)三原方言中的變調(diào)構(gòu)詞進(jìn)行描寫。在具體研究時(shí),首先整理出三原方言中的變調(diào)構(gòu)詞詞表,包括普通話和三原方言共有的變調(diào)構(gòu)詞39對(duì)以及三原方言特有的變調(diào)構(gòu)詞29對(duì);其次從語(yǔ)音、語(yǔ)義、語(yǔ)用功能三方面的變化入手對(duì)原始詞和滋生詞進(jìn)行比較、分析。通過(guò)梳理分析可知,變調(diào)構(gòu)詞這種構(gòu)詞法在三原方言中不具備能產(chǎn)性,但是通過(guò)變調(diào)所滋生的詞還在繼續(xù)使用,其中,人稱代詞通過(guò)變調(diào)所構(gòu)成的新詞無(wú)論在語(yǔ)音的變化還是語(yǔ)義的變化方面都最為系統(tǒng)。第三章:詞綴。首先簡(jiǎn)要說(shuō)明了詞綴和類詞綴的不同特點(diǎn),闡明本章的研究?jī)?nèi)容包括詞綴和類詞綴;其次對(duì)三原方言中的名詞詞綴、動(dòng)詞詞綴和形容詞詞綴分別從語(yǔ)法位置、語(yǔ)音形式、構(gòu)詞特點(diǎn)和語(yǔ)用功能的角度進(jìn)行描寫分析。總體來(lái)說(shuō),除了形容詞詞綴為專職詞綴,在語(yǔ)音形式上表現(xiàn)為輕聲之外,其余詞綴除了詞綴義外都可以承擔(dān)其他語(yǔ)素義,在語(yǔ)音形式上表現(xiàn)出輕聲和非輕聲的差別。第四章:重疊。本章的研究對(duì)象包括構(gòu)詞重疊和構(gòu)形重疊,具體研究中主要從詞類入手,分析不同詞類的重疊式在語(yǔ)音形式、重疊方式、語(yǔ)義變化、語(yǔ)法功能、語(yǔ)用功能方面的特點(diǎn)。重疊所涉及到的詞類有名詞、動(dòng)詞、形容詞、量詞、代詞、副詞、擬聲詞。這些詞的重疊式大多數(shù)為構(gòu)形重疊,少部分為構(gòu)詞重疊。第五章:時(shí)體系統(tǒng)。首先在梳理現(xiàn)代漢語(yǔ)時(shí)體研究基本概念的基礎(chǔ)上說(shuō)明了三原方言中表達(dá)時(shí)間義的三種語(yǔ)法手段:詞匯手段、句法手段、廣義形態(tài)手段;并對(duì)三原方言中和時(shí)間進(jìn)程相關(guān)的三類詞即動(dòng)詞、時(shí)間名詞和時(shí)間副詞作了分類整理,以便后文談到句法搭配時(shí)進(jìn)行說(shuō)明。具體來(lái)說(shuō),三原方言中的時(shí)體系統(tǒng)包括完成體、實(shí)現(xiàn)體、進(jìn)行體、持續(xù)體、經(jīng)歷體、起始體、短時(shí)體、過(guò)去時(shí)和將來(lái)時(shí)。三原方言中表示時(shí)體范疇的語(yǔ)法手段有語(yǔ)法標(biāo)記、重疊式和句法結(jié)構(gòu)。這三種語(yǔ)法手段中,最主要的手段是語(yǔ)法標(biāo)記,除了短時(shí)體外,其余時(shí)體意義都需要用語(yǔ)法標(biāo)記來(lái)表示;其次是重疊式,單音節(jié)動(dòng)詞重疊式表示進(jìn)行體,雙音節(jié)動(dòng)詞重疊式表示短時(shí)體;最后是句法結(jié)構(gòu),這部分內(nèi)容只涉及動(dòng)補(bǔ)結(jié)構(gòu),三原方言中主要通過(guò)動(dòng)詞和動(dòng)量補(bǔ)語(yǔ)構(gòu)成的動(dòng)補(bǔ)詞組來(lái)表示短時(shí)體。有的時(shí)體意義在具體語(yǔ)境中會(huì)變得模糊而產(chǎn)生其他語(yǔ)用義。這種現(xiàn)象主要體現(xiàn)在短時(shí)體、將來(lái)時(shí)等語(yǔ)法范疇中。另外,本章對(duì)將來(lái)時(shí)"呀"兼表主觀意愿和態(tài)度的用法也結(jié)合類型學(xué)視角作了比較分析。第六章:特殊句式。首先對(duì)句型、句式和句類進(jìn)行比較并說(shuō)明本章的研究對(duì)象為把字句、給字句、叫字句以及比較句。主要研究?jī)?nèi)容包括句子的句法格式、句法格式的特點(diǎn)、語(yǔ)義特點(diǎn)、感情色彩和語(yǔ)用功能的方面。另外,對(duì)叫字句所表示的使役、被動(dòng)歧義現(xiàn)象結(jié)合英語(yǔ)和韓語(yǔ)從語(yǔ)言類型學(xué)和語(yǔ)法化的角度進(jìn)行了說(shuō)明。把字句、給字句和叫字句不僅可以單獨(dú)使用,還可以兩兩套合甚至三者套合使用,在套合時(shí)主要受到語(yǔ)義的制約,如果語(yǔ)義相互沖突就無(wú)法套用。比較句從語(yǔ)義類角度可以分為平比句、差比句、漸比句和極比句,不同的語(yǔ)義類包含不同的句式,各個(gè)句式之間職責(zé)分明,不能混用、套用。第七章:結(jié)語(yǔ)。本章對(duì)三原方言的構(gòu)詞特點(diǎn)、廣義構(gòu)形特點(diǎn)、時(shí)體范疇和句式句法四方面內(nèi)容進(jìn)行了整理和總結(jié),并結(jié)合文章的不足和缺憾對(duì)今后的研究作了簡(jiǎn)要說(shuō)明和展望。通過(guò)以上研究?jī)?nèi)容,本文以期展示出三原方言語(yǔ)法系統(tǒng)中最具有方言特色的語(yǔ)法現(xiàn)象,為關(guān)中方言及周邊方言的語(yǔ)法研究提供可靠的語(yǔ)法事實(shí),為進(jìn)一步揭示、說(shuō)明語(yǔ)言規(guī)律提供方言語(yǔ)法方面的依據(jù)。
[Abstract]:This paper, based on the Shaanxi Sanyuan dialect of Shaanxi, which belongs to Guanzhong Guanhua District of Central Plains as the research object, selects the grammatical phenomena which have dialectal characteristics as the main research content in the five parts of the three original dialects, including the tone formation, affixes, overlaps, time body system and special sentence patterns, and the grammatical facts are dug under the guidance of the combination of form and meaning. At the same time, this paper combs and analyzes the existing theories of some grammatical phenomena combined with typology and grammaticalization. Through the description, comparison and analysis of the phonetic forms, structural forms, grammatical functions, semantic features and pragmatic conditions of the language materials, the three dimensions of grammar, semantics and pragmatics are revealed to reveal the word formation in the three original dialects. The main grammatical features of the four aspects of the generalized configuration means, grammatical category and sentence syntax. The full text is divided into seven chapters. Chapter 1: introduction. It mainly introduces the basic situation of the geographical position, historical culture and population economy of Sanyuan, and the sound and rhyme system of the Sanyuan dialect, the research status, the object and content of this paper, and the theoretical side of this article. Law, the source of the corpus and the style of the article is explained. The second chapter is the variation of word formation. First, a pair of basic concepts, "primitive words" and "breeding words", are identified and analyzed. On this premise, the variant word formation in Sanyuan dialect is described. There are 39 pairs of tonal words in Sanyuan dialect and 29 pairs of tonal words peculiar to Sanyuan dialect. Secondly, from the change of three aspects of phonetic, semantic and pragmatic functions, we compare and analyze the original words and the breeding words. By carding and analyzing, it is known that the word formation method of variable word formation does not have the ability to produce in the three original dialects, but it is nourishing through the change of tone. The words of birth continue to be used, in which the new words of personal pronouns are the most systematic in the change of speech and the change of semantics. The third chapter: affixes. First, the different characteristics of affixes and affixes are briefly explained, and the research contents of this chapter include affixes and affixes, followed by the names of the three original dialects. Word affixes, verb affixes and adjective affixes are described and analyzed from the angle of grammatical position, phonetic form, word formation and pragmatic function. In general, besides adjective affixes as a full-time affix and a light voice in phonetic form, the rest of the affixes can bear other morpheme meanings except the suffix meaning, and in the form of phonetics. There is a difference between light and non light sound. Fourth chapter: overlap. The research object of this chapter includes the overlapping of word formation and configuration overlapping. In the specific study, we mainly start with the parts of speech and analyze the characteristics of the overlaps of different parts of speech in the phonetic form, the way of overlapping, the semantic change, the grammatical function and the ability to use the work. Words, adjectives, quantifiers, pronouns, adverbs, and onomatopoeia. The superposition of these words is mostly structure overlapping, few parts are word formation overlaps. The fifth chapter is the time body system. First, on the basis of combing the basic concepts of modern Chinese time body research, three grammatical means to express time meaning in the three original dialects are explained: lexical means, syntactic means, and generalized forms. The three types of words, such as verbs, time nouns and time adverbs, are classified and arranged in order to explain the syntactic collocation. In particular, the time body system in the Sanyuan dialect includes the complete body, the realization body, the continuous body, the experience body, the starting body, the short time body, the past tense and the past tense. In the future, there are grammatical markers, overlapping and syntactic structures in the three original dialects that represent the category of time bodies. Among the three grammatical means, the most important means are grammatical markers. In addition to the short term, the other tense meanings need to be expressed with grammatical markers; the second is overlapping, and the monosyllabic verb overlaps the progressive, the double syllable. The verb overlapping expresses the short time body; finally, it is the syntactic structure, which only involves the verb complement structure. The three original dialects mainly express the short-term body by verb and momentum complement. Some time body meaning will become blurred in specific context and produce other language meaning. This phenomenon is mainly reflected in the short time body and the future. In addition, in addition, this chapter makes a comparative analysis of the usage of "ah" and the subjective will and attitude in the future. The sixth chapter is special sentence pattern. First, we compare the sentence pattern, sentence pattern and sentence category and show that the research object of this chapter is the sentence, the word sentence, the word sentence and the comparative sentence. The main research contents include The syntactic format of the sentence, the characteristics of the syntactic form, the semantic features, the emotional color and the pragmatic function. In addition, the passive ambiguity is illustrated by the English and Korean language typology and grammaticalization. The sentence, the word sentence and the called sentence can not only be used alone, but also 22. The combination of nesting and even the three is mainly restricted by the semantics, which can not be applied if the semantic conflict is conflicting. The comparative sentence can be divided into the flat ratio sentence, the difference sentence, the gradual comparison sentence and the extreme ratio sentence. The different semantic classes contain different sentence patterns, the functions of each sentence are clear, and the seventh chapter is the conclusion. This chapter collects and summarizes the four aspects of the features of the three original dialects, such as the characteristics of the word formation, the generalized configuration, the time body category and the sentence structure, and gives a brief description and Prospect of the future research in combination with the shortcomings and shortcomings of the article. Through the above research, the paper is expected to show the most dialectal features in the Sanyuan dialect grammar system. The grammatical phenomenon provides a reliable grammatical fact for the grammatical study of Guanzhong Dialect and its surrounding dialects, which provides a basis for further revealing and explaining the law of language.

【學(xué)位授予單位】：中央民族大學(xué)
【學(xué)位級(jí)別】：博士
【學(xué)位授予年份】：2017
【分類號(hào)】：H172.2
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本文編號(hào)：1856152