本文選題：三原方言 + 構詞��； 參考：《中央民族大學》2017年博士論文

【摘要】：本文以隸屬于中原官話區(qū)關中片的陜西三原方言為研究對象,選取三原方言中的變調構詞、詞綴、重疊、時體系統(tǒng)和特殊句式五部分具有方言特色的語法現(xiàn)象作為主要研究內容,在形式和意義相結合的方法論指導下,對語法事實進行挖掘和描寫,同時對于部分語法現(xiàn)象結合類型學和語法化的現(xiàn)有理論進行梳理和分析。通過對語言材料的語音形式、結構形式、語法功能、語義特點、語用條件的描寫、比較和分析,從語法、語義、語用三個維度的考察揭示出三原方言在構詞法、廣義構形手段、語法范疇、句式句法四個方面的主要語法特點。全文共分七章。第一章:緒論。主要介紹三原的地理位置、歷史文化和人口經濟等基本情況,并對三原方言的聲韻調系統(tǒng)、研究現(xiàn)狀、本文的研究對象和內容、本文所依據(jù)的理論方法、語料來源及文章體例進行說明。第二章:變調構詞。先對變調構詞中的一對基本概念"原始詞"和"滋生詞"進行辨析,在此前提下對三原方言中的變調構詞進行描寫。在具體研究時,首先整理出三原方言中的變調構詞詞表,包括普通話和三原方言共有的變調構詞39對以及三原方言特有的變調構詞29對;其次從語音、語義、語用功能三方面的變化入手對原始詞和滋生詞進行比較、分析。通過梳理分析可知,變調構詞這種構詞法在三原方言中不具備能產性,但是通過變調所滋生的詞還在繼續(xù)使用,其中,人稱代詞通過變調所構成的新詞無論在語音的變化還是語義的變化方面都最為系統(tǒng)。第三章:詞綴。首先簡要說明了詞綴和類詞綴的不同特點,闡明本章的研究內容包括詞綴和類詞綴;其次對三原方言中的名詞詞綴、動詞詞綴和形容詞詞綴分別從語法位置、語音形式、構詞特點和語用功能的角度進行描寫分析�？傮w來說,除了形容詞詞綴為專職詞綴,在語音形式上表現(xiàn)為輕聲之外,其余詞綴除了詞綴義外都可以承擔其他語素義,在語音形式上表現(xiàn)出輕聲和非輕聲的差別。第四章:重疊。本章的研究對象包括構詞重疊和構形重疊,具體研究中主要從詞類入手,分析不同詞類的重疊式在語音形式、重疊方式、語義變化、語法功能、語用功能方面的特點。重疊所涉及到的詞類有名詞、動詞、形容詞、量詞、代詞、副詞、擬聲詞。這些詞的重疊式大多數(shù)為構形重疊,少部分為構詞重疊。第五章:時體系統(tǒng)。首先在梳理現(xiàn)代漢語時體研究基本概念的基礎上說明了三原方言中表達時間義的三種語法手段:詞匯手段、句法手段、廣義形態(tài)手段;并對三原方言中和時間進程相關的三類詞即動詞、時間名詞和時間副詞作了分類整理,以便后文談到句法搭配時進行說明。具體來說,三原方言中的時體系統(tǒng)包括完成體、實現(xiàn)體、進行體、持續(xù)體、經歷體、起始體、短時體、過去時和將來時。三原方言中表示時體范疇的語法手段有語法標記、重疊式和句法結構。這三種語法手段中,最主要的手段是語法標記,除了短時體外,其余時體意義都需要用語法標記來表示;其次是重疊式,單音節(jié)動詞重疊式表示進行體,雙音節(jié)動詞重疊式表示短時體;最后是句法結構,這部分內容只涉及動補結構,三原方言中主要通過動詞和動量補語構成的動補詞組來表示短時體。有的時體意義在具體語境中會變得模糊而產生其他語用義。這種現(xiàn)象主要體現(xiàn)在短時體、將來時等語法范疇中。另外,本章對將來時"呀"兼表主觀意愿和態(tài)度的用法也結合類型學視角作了比較分析。第六章:特殊句式。首先對句型、句式和句類進行比較并說明本章的研究對象為把字句、給字句、叫字句以及比較句。主要研究內容包括句子的句法格式、句法格式的特點、語義特點、感情色彩和語用功能的方面。另外,對叫字句所表示的使役、被動歧義現(xiàn)象結合英語和韓語從語言類型學和語法化的角度進行了說明。把字句、給字句和叫字句不僅可以單獨使用,還可以兩兩套合甚至三者套合使用,在套合時主要受到語義的制約,如果語義相互沖突就無法套用。比較句從語義類角度可以分為平比句、差比句、漸比句和極比句,不同的語義類包含不同的句式,各個句式之間職責分明,不能混用、套用。第七章:結語。本章對三原方言的構詞特點、廣義構形特點、時體范疇和句式句法四方面內容進行了整理和總結,并結合文章的不足和缺憾對今后的研究作了簡要說明和展望。通過以上研究內容,本文以期展示出三原方言語法系統(tǒng)中最具有方言特色的語法現(xiàn)象,為關中方言及周邊方言的語法研究提供可靠的語法事實,為進一步揭示、說明語言規(guī)律提供方言語法方面的依據(jù)。
[Abstract]:This paper, based on the Shaanxi Sanyuan dialect of Shaanxi, which belongs to Guanzhong Guanhua District of Central Plains as the research object, selects the grammatical phenomena which have dialectal characteristics as the main research content in the five parts of the three original dialects, including the tone formation, affixes, overlaps, time body system and special sentence patterns, and the grammatical facts are dug under the guidance of the combination of form and meaning. At the same time, this paper combs and analyzes the existing theories of some grammatical phenomena combined with typology and grammaticalization. Through the description, comparison and analysis of the phonetic forms, structural forms, grammatical functions, semantic features and pragmatic conditions of the language materials, the three dimensions of grammar, semantics and pragmatics are revealed to reveal the word formation in the three original dialects. The main grammatical features of the four aspects of the generalized configuration means, grammatical category and sentence syntax. The full text is divided into seven chapters. Chapter 1: introduction. It mainly introduces the basic situation of the geographical position, historical culture and population economy of Sanyuan, and the sound and rhyme system of the Sanyuan dialect, the research status, the object and content of this paper, and the theoretical side of this article. Law, the source of the corpus and the style of the article is explained. The second chapter is the variation of word formation. First, a pair of basic concepts, "primitive words" and "breeding words", are identified and analyzed. On this premise, the variant word formation in Sanyuan dialect is described. There are 39 pairs of tonal words in Sanyuan dialect and 29 pairs of tonal words peculiar to Sanyuan dialect. Secondly, from the change of three aspects of phonetic, semantic and pragmatic functions, we compare and analyze the original words and the breeding words. By carding and analyzing, it is known that the word formation method of variable word formation does not have the ability to produce in the three original dialects, but it is nourishing through the change of tone. The words of birth continue to be used, in which the new words of personal pronouns are the most systematic in the change of speech and the change of semantics. The third chapter: affixes. First, the different characteristics of affixes and affixes are briefly explained, and the research contents of this chapter include affixes and affixes, followed by the names of the three original dialects. Word affixes, verb affixes and adjective affixes are described and analyzed from the angle of grammatical position, phonetic form, word formation and pragmatic function. In general, besides adjective affixes as a full-time affix and a light voice in phonetic form, the rest of the affixes can bear other morpheme meanings except the suffix meaning, and in the form of phonetics. There is a difference between light and non light sound. Fourth chapter: overlap. The research object of this chapter includes the overlapping of word formation and configuration overlapping. In the specific study, we mainly start with the parts of speech and analyze the characteristics of the overlaps of different parts of speech in the phonetic form, the way of overlapping, the semantic change, the grammatical function and the ability to use the work. Words, adjectives, quantifiers, pronouns, adverbs, and onomatopoeia. The superposition of these words is mostly structure overlapping, few parts are word formation overlaps. The fifth chapter is the time body system. First, on the basis of combing the basic concepts of modern Chinese time body research, three grammatical means to express time meaning in the three original dialects are explained: lexical means, syntactic means, and generalized forms. The three types of words, such as verbs, time nouns and time adverbs, are classified and arranged in order to explain the syntactic collocation. In particular, the time body system in the Sanyuan dialect includes the complete body, the realization body, the continuous body, the experience body, the starting body, the short time body, the past tense and the past tense. In the future, there are grammatical markers, overlapping and syntactic structures in the three original dialects that represent the category of time bodies. Among the three grammatical means, the most important means are grammatical markers. In addition to the short term, the other tense meanings need to be expressed with grammatical markers; the second is overlapping, and the monosyllabic verb overlaps the progressive, the double syllable. The verb overlapping expresses the short time body; finally, it is the syntactic structure, which only involves the verb complement structure. The three original dialects mainly express the short-term body by verb and momentum complement. Some time body meaning will become blurred in specific context and produce other language meaning. This phenomenon is mainly reflected in the short time body and the future. In addition, in addition, this chapter makes a comparative analysis of the usage of "ah" and the subjective will and attitude in the future. The sixth chapter is special sentence pattern. First, we compare the sentence pattern, sentence pattern and sentence category and show that the research object of this chapter is the sentence, the word sentence, the word sentence and the comparative sentence. The main research contents include The syntactic format of the sentence, the characteristics of the syntactic form, the semantic features, the emotional color and the pragmatic function. In addition, the passive ambiguity is illustrated by the English and Korean language typology and grammaticalization. The sentence, the word sentence and the called sentence can not only be used alone, but also 22. The combination of nesting and even the three is mainly restricted by the semantics, which can not be applied if the semantic conflict is conflicting. The comparative sentence can be divided into the flat ratio sentence, the difference sentence, the gradual comparison sentence and the extreme ratio sentence. The different semantic classes contain different sentence patterns, the functions of each sentence are clear, and the seventh chapter is the conclusion. This chapter collects and summarizes the four aspects of the features of the three original dialects, such as the characteristics of the word formation, the generalized configuration, the time body category and the sentence structure, and gives a brief description and Prospect of the future research in combination with the shortcomings and shortcomings of the article. Through the above research, the paper is expected to show the most dialectal features in the Sanyuan dialect grammar system. The grammatical phenomenon provides a reliable grammatical fact for the grammatical study of Guanzhong Dialect and its surrounding dialects, which provides a basis for further revealing and explaining the law of language.

【學位授予單位】：中央民族大學
【學位級別】：博士
【學位授予年份】：2017
【分類號】：H172.2
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本文編號：1856152