發(fā)布時間：2018-04-26 16:29

  本文選題：漢譯佛經 + 梵漢對勘　； 參考：《上海師范大學》2017年碩士論文

【摘要】：佛教從絲綢之路傳入中原,自東漢始對漢民族社會產生了諸多影響,隨之而來的便是漢譯佛經的興起。由于印度的社會文化背景與漢地相去深遠,諸多佛教概念、義理難以用漢語詞匯進行翻譯,此時,外來詞就應運而生。這一概念的使用也為學界帶來新挑戰(zhàn):通常認為來源于佛經的外來詞,從詞源學的角度分析,是否確實如此;漢語大型工具書中諸多涉及漢末魏晉時期的外來詞詞條所列書證是否為最早例證。諸如此類,皆有待研究、考察,因此,基于梵漢對勘的漢語研究意義非常。本文通過對《菩薩地持經》進行專書研究,對其中的外來詞按照音譯詞、半音譯半意譯詞、仿譯詞三類進行描寫、分析,并進行相應討論,包括出現(xiàn)時間、接受程度上的差異等,以期尋找出原本不被學界當作外來詞,但通過梵文佛典比照發(fā)現(xiàn)確實應歸入其中的詞語、排除學界認為是外來詞,但經比照發(fā)現(xiàn)不應列入其中的詞語以及通過對專書中的仿譯詞進行分析,以更有力的證據說明仿譯詞應歸入外來詞中,同時羅列出在沒有梵語平行本的情況下不會發(fā)現(xiàn)的同形異譯詞。雖然僅一部經文中的外來詞數(shù)量于廣博經海包含的外來詞而言實為九牛一毛,我們仍期待通過本文對專書的外來詞進行辨析、確定的過程,對學界在該經諸方面研究的完整性上作微薄努力,以此激發(fā)更多研究者對該經文、中古漢語及佛教不同方向研究領域的重視與熱忱。本文共分為五章:第一章:緒論。本章主要分為八個部分:主要介紹了選題緣由、研究現(xiàn)狀及目前研究存在的問題、《菩薩地持經》的作者及出版年代、Bodhisattva-bhūmi的內容簡介及出版年代、本文的研究方法、詞語切分標準、對外來詞的界定及對《菩薩地持經》中的外來詞概貌進行介紹。第二章:音譯詞部分:將詞語按漢語譯詞的音序排列,每個詞目后,先列出該外來詞在《菩薩地持經》中的出現(xiàn)頻率1,次列對應的梵文詞并釋義,再羅列同一梵文詞在Bodhisattva-bhūmi中不同語法形式的出現(xiàn)頻率,隨后羅列梵漢對應的例證、語法分析,最后說明該音譯詞最早出現(xiàn)時期及在不同時期的使用情況。第三章:半音譯半意譯詞部分:對半音譯半意譯詞進行分類研究,分為:(1)音譯+意譯的類名(2)音譯的類名+意譯(3)意譯的類名+音譯(4)意譯+音譯的類名(5)意譯+音譯+意譯類名,各分類下再進行詳細分類。每個詞目后,先列出該外來詞在《菩薩地持經》中的出現(xiàn)頻率,次列對應的梵文詞并釋義,再羅列同一梵文詞在Bodhisattva-bhūmi中不同語法形式的出現(xiàn)頻率,隨后羅列梵漢對應的例證、語法分析,其后說明該半音譯半意譯詞在佛經中的最早用例,最后再列該詞在中古晚期或明清時期用例。第四章:仿譯詞部分:每個詞目后,先列出該外來詞在《菩薩地持經》中的出現(xiàn)頻率,次列對應的梵文詞并釋義,再羅列同一梵文詞在Bodhisattva-bhūmi中不同語法形式的出現(xiàn)頻率,隨后羅列梵漢對應的例證、語法分析,若該詞不是最早出現(xiàn)于《菩薩地持經》,則列出最早佛教文獻用例。結語部分歸納了本文將梵漢對勘運用于外來詞研究的結果與新發(fā)現(xiàn),以及存在的不足和仍值得研究探討的方面。
[Abstract]:Buddhism was introduced into the Central Plains from the Silk Road, which had a great deal of influence on the Chinese society since the Eastern Han Dynasty. The following was the rise of the Chinese Buddhist scriptures. Because of the profound social and cultural background of India, many Buddhist concepts are difficult to be translated with Chinese vocabulary. At this time, the foreign words came into being. The use of this concept is also the same. It is a new challenge for the academic community: whether the foreign words originate in the Buddhist sutra and whether it is true from the etymology point of view, are many of the earliest examples of the loanword entries involved in the late Han and Wei Jin Dynasties in the large Chinese book of tools. In this paper, through the study of the Sutra of "Bodhisattva", the article describes the loanwords in accordance with the transliteration words, the semi transliteration and semi free translations and the three types of imitative words, and analyzes them, including the appearance of time and the difference in acceptance, in order to find out the original words which are not the foreign words, but through the Sanskrit Buddhist Scripture ratio. According to the discovery of the words that should be attributed to them, the exclusion of the language is considered to be an alien word, but by comparison, it is found that it should not be included in the words as well as the analysis of the imitative words in the special book, with more forceful evidence that the imitative words should be classified into the loanwords, and the same form is not found in the case of no Sanskrit parallel books. Although the number of Loanwords in only one of the Scriptures is more than a lot of foreign words contained in the sea, we are still looking forward to the process of identifying the foreign words of the special books, and making a slight effort on the integrity of the study in the academic circles, in order to stimulate more researchers to this Scripture, the Chinese and the ancient Chinese. This chapter is divided into five chapters: the first chapter: introduction. This chapter is divided into eight parts: this chapter mainly introduces the origin of the topic, the present situation and the existing problems, the author and the publishing age of the "Bodhisattva Sutra >", the introduction and publishing age of Bodhisattva-bh MI, and the research of this article. The method, the standard of word segmentation, the definition of loanwords and the introduction of the introduction of the loanwords in the "Bodhisattva Sutra". The second chapter: part of the transliteration words: the words are arranged according to the word order of the Chinese word, and after each word, the frequency of the appearance of the foreign word in the "Bodhisattva Sutra" is listed first, and the corresponding Sanskrit words and interpretation are listed, and then the same one is listed. The frequency of the different grammatical forms of the Sanskrit word in the Bodhisattva-bh MI, and then the example of the Sanskrit correspondence and the grammatical analysis. Finally, it illustrates the earliest appearance of the transliteration word and the use of the word in different periods. The third chapter: half the half free translation of the half tone: (1) transliteration + free translation Class name (2) the class name of transliteration + free translation (3) paraphrase + transliteration (4) paraphrase + transliteration (5), paraphrase + transliteration + paraphrase class names, and then a detailed classification under each category. After each word, the frequency of the loanword in the "Bodhisattva Sutra" is listed, the corresponding Sanskrit words are listed, and the same Sanskrit words are listed in the Bodhisattva-bh M The frequency of different grammatical forms in I, followed by an example of the correspondence of the Sanskrit and the grammatical analysis, and then the first case of the semi transliteration of the semi paraphrase in the Buddhist scriptures, and finally the use case of the term in the late middle or Ming and Qing Dynasties. The fourth chapter: after each word, the appearance of the loanword in the "Bodhisattva Sutra" is first listed. The frequency, the sequence corresponding Sanskrit words and the interpretation, and then list the frequency of the same Sanskrit word in the different grammatical forms in the Bodhisattva-bh MI, and then list the example of the Sanskrit and the grammatical analysis. If the word is not first appeared in the "Bodhisattva Sutra >", it lists the earliest Buddhist use cases. The concluding part concludes that this article will carry out the exploration and transportation of the Sanskrit. The results and new findings of loanword research, as well as the shortcomings and worthy of research and discussion.

【學位授予單位】：上海師范大學
【學位級別】：碩士
【學位授予年份】：2017
【分類號】：H136.5;H711
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本文編號：1806782