本文選題：漢俄語狀語位置對比 + 狀語位置偏誤分析　； 參考：《南京大學(xué)》2017年碩士論文

【摘要】：現(xiàn)如今,漢語成為世界上越來越重要的語言,所以在俄羅斯有越來越多的學(xué)生學(xué)漢語。在外語學(xué)習(xí)和教學(xué)過程中經(jīng)常會出現(xiàn)不同的問題,在教學(xué)的特定階段值得我們多加注意。在對外漢語教學(xué)中語法占有重要的地位,而語序是一種重要的語法手段,語言的基本構(gòu)造之一,同時它是一種重要的語法形式,所以語序的研究是一個重要課題。狀語是現(xiàn)代漢語中一個復(fù)雜而重要的句子構(gòu)成因素。在漢語狀語學(xué)習(xí)過程中,俄羅斯學(xué)生經(jīng)常有狀語位置偏誤。偏誤產(chǎn)生的原因在于,俄語和漢語的詞序差異很大,俄語句子中詞的排列順序相當(dāng)靈活,而在漢語中詞序沒有俄語那么自由,每個句子的成分都有自己正確的位置,這樣的差異會使俄羅斯學(xué)生學(xué)習(xí)漢語的時候產(chǎn)生母語負(fù)遷移,從而引起狀語的位置偏誤。本論文的研究目的是分析俄羅斯學(xué)生漢語狀語學(xué)習(xí)位置偏誤產(chǎn)生的原因。以往的研究中,關(guān)于俄羅斯學(xué)生漢語狀語位置的習(xí)得過程和偏誤研究還較少,本文結(jié)合阿列赫姆國立大學(xué)HSK動態(tài)語料庫、阿列赫姆國立大學(xué)中級班學(xué)生的作文作為自然語料,結(jié)合筆者自己編寫的調(diào)查問卷進(jìn)行研究。這些分析來源相互補(bǔ)充,有助于筆者進(jìn)行更加深入地分析,對筆者研究不同練習(xí)題的優(yōu)缺點(diǎn)也有幫助。筆者對俄羅斯學(xué)生在學(xué)習(xí)漢語狀語位置時存在的學(xué)習(xí)偏誤進(jìn)行了調(diào)查、分析和研究。本論文分析五種狀語:情態(tài)狀語,處所狀語,時間狀語,原因狀語,目的狀語。通過俄漢語對比分析,筆者通過對比俄漢語狀語語法規(guī)律的差異,找出偏誤產(chǎn)生的原因。筆者發(fā)現(xiàn),母語負(fù)遷移和目的語負(fù)遷移是影響學(xué)生偏誤產(chǎn)生的兩個主要原因。另外,學(xué)習(xí)策略和交際策略與學(xué)習(xí)環(huán)境的影響也對偏誤產(chǎn)生的原因有影響。在論文中,筆者以很多有偏誤的句子為例,'每個漢語句子搭配俄語翻譯,這樣可以更明顯地看到漢語語序和俄語語序的異同。結(jié)合研究結(jié)果,為提高針對俄羅斯學(xué)生的漢語語法教與學(xué)的質(zhì)量和效果,筆者提出了對俄羅斯學(xué)生狀語位置教學(xué)的策略,以及針對教師和教材兩方面提出了個人的建議。筆者強(qiáng)調(diào)練習(xí)設(shè)計、俄漢語言對比及語法教學(xué)的重要性,以及討論了偏誤糾正的辦法。為減少學(xué)生漢語學(xué)習(xí)的狀語位置偏誤,筆者編寫了狀語語法規(guī)則輔導(dǎo)書及語法練習(xí)題。實(shí)習(xí)期間,筆者使用這些材料并對結(jié)果進(jìn)行了分析和總結(jié),發(fā)現(xiàn)學(xué)生偏誤出現(xiàn)的情況有所改變,通過測試筆者發(fā)現(xiàn)學(xué)生的偏誤率有所降低。本論文的分析不僅對教漢語的老師與學(xué)漢語的學(xué)生有益處,而且也對學(xué)習(xí)俄語的中國學(xué)生有幫助。通過論文里的漢語與俄語語法對比分析,中國學(xué)生能更好地了解俄語詞序的特點(diǎn)和修辭的意義。因為筆者將來想進(jìn)行更多有關(guān)俄羅斯學(xué)生學(xué)漢語詞序的研究,編寫更多有效的練習(xí)題集,所以本論文對將來的研究具有極其重要的價值。
[Abstract]:Nowadays, Chinese is becoming more and more important in the world, so more and more students learn Chinese in Russia.Different problems often arise in the process of foreign language learning and teaching.Grammar plays an important role in teaching Chinese as a foreign language, and word order is an important grammatical means, one of the basic structure of language, at the same time, it is an important grammatical form, so the study of word order is an important subject.Adverbial is a complicated and important sentence element in modern Chinese.Russian students often have adverbial errors in the process of learning Chinese adverbials.The reason for the error is that the word order of Russian and Chinese is very different, the order of words in Russian sentences is quite flexible, and in Chinese word order is not as free as Russian, and each sentence has its own correct position.This difference will result in negative transfer of native language when Russian students learn Chinese, thus causing errors in the position of adverbial.The purpose of this thesis is to analyze the causes of the errors in the learning position of Chinese adverbials in Russian students.In previous studies, there have been few studies on the acquisition process and errors of Chinese adverbial position among Russian students. This paper combines the HSK dynamic corpus of Alehm State University and the composition of the intermediate class of Alehm State University as the natural corpus.Combined with the author's own questionnaire to study.These analysis sources complement each other, which is helpful for the author to make more in-depth analysis, and also helpful for the author to study the advantages and disadvantages of different exercises.The author investigates, analyzes and studies the learning errors of Russian students in learning Chinese adverbial positions.This paper analyzes five adverbials: modal adverbial, locative adverbial, temporal adverbial, reason adverbial and target adverbial.Through the contrastive analysis of Russian and Chinese, the author finds out the causes of errors by contrasting the differences of grammatical rules between Russian and Chinese adverbials.The author finds that negative transfer of mother tongue and negative transfer of target language are the two main reasons that affect students' errors.In addition, the influence of learning strategies, communication strategies and learning environment also has an effect on the causes of errors.In this paper, the author takes many incorrect sentences as an example: every Chinese sentence is collocated with Russian translation, so that the similarities and differences between Chinese word order and Russian word order can be seen more obviously.Combined with the research results, in order to improve the quality and effect of teaching and learning Chinese grammar for Russian students, the author puts forward the strategies of teaching Russian students' adverbial positions, and puts forward personal suggestions for teachers and textbooks.The author emphasizes the importance of practice design, Russian and Chinese language contrast and grammar teaching, and discusses the ways to correct errors.In order to reduce the adverbial errors in Chinese learning, the author compiled the adverbial grammar rules guide book and grammar exercises.During the practice, the author used these materials to analyze and summarize the results, and found that the situation of students' errors has changed, and through the test the author found that the students' error rate has been reduced.The analysis of this thesis is not only beneficial to Chinese teachers and students, but also helpful to Chinese students who learn Russian.Through the contrastive analysis of Chinese and Russian grammar, Chinese students can better understand the characteristics of Russian word order and the meaning of rhetoric.Because the author wants to do more research on the word order of Russian students in the future and compile more effective exercise sets, this paper is of great value to the future study.
【學(xué)位授予單位】：南京大學(xué)
【學(xué)位級別】：碩士
【學(xué)位授予年份】：2017
【分類號】：H195.3
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本文編號：1774038