本文選題：“A來(lái)B去”　切入點(diǎn)：句法　出處：《揚(yáng)州大學(xué)》2017年碩士論文　論文類(lèi)型：學(xué)位論文

【摘要】：類(lèi)固定短語(yǔ)“A來(lái)B去”以“來(lái)、去”為固定成分,“A、B”為可變成分,其中的“A”“B”最為常見(jiàn)的是單音節(jié)的語(yǔ)素或詞,可以相同,也可以不同。“A、B”的詞性除了常見(jiàn)的動(dòng)詞以外,還有名詞、形容詞、副詞、代詞、數(shù)詞等�！皝�(lái)、去”在不同的組合中表現(xiàn)出意義實(shí)在、意義較虛、意義虛化等情況。“A”與“來(lái)”、“B”與“去”的句法關(guān)系主要有主謂、中補(bǔ)與偏正三種。該結(jié)構(gòu)中“A、B”的位序具有一定的規(guī)律性,總體上符合動(dòng)作先后順序、自然順序等,稱為正序,也存在規(guī)律之外的情況,本文稱為倒序。采用正序還是倒序主要跟“A、B”兩者的地位是否對(duì)等以及“來(lái)、去”的虛化程度有關(guān)。句法方面,“A來(lái)B去”的句法功能雖然會(huì)受制于“A、B”的詞性,但是整體上表現(xiàn)出強(qiáng)烈的謂詞性特征。語(yǔ)義方面,“A”和“B”之間的語(yǔ)義關(guān)系有三種:語(yǔ)義相同或相近、相反與相關(guān),“A來(lái)B去”的整體語(yǔ)義有表動(dòng)作或形狀的持續(xù)與反復(fù)、表事物數(shù)量繁多、表事物性質(zhì)或狀態(tài)等,表述功能主要有表陳述、表指稱、表陳述三種。該結(jié)構(gòu)表示不同語(yǔ)義時(shí),對(duì)“A、B”的詞性有一定的限制。語(yǔ)用方面,“A來(lái)B去”主要表達(dá)消極的感情色彩和主觀大量,具有以簡(jiǎn)潔的形式表示足量信息的功用。“A來(lái)B去”結(jié)構(gòu)最早出現(xiàn)在西漢。魏晉南北朝時(shí)期,“A、B”為名詞、形容詞、動(dòng)詞、數(shù)詞、副詞的“A來(lái)B去”開(kāi)始出現(xiàn)萌芽,此時(shí)的類(lèi)固定短語(yǔ)以“來(lái)、去”為核心,構(gòu)成成分之間關(guān)系松散,整合度低,格式義不明顯。隋唐時(shí)期,“來(lái)、去”出現(xiàn)虛化,位移義及方向性減弱,產(chǎn)生“反復(fù)”義,整體有了一定的整合度與凝固性。宋元時(shí)期,“來(lái)、去”有繼續(xù)虛化成為話語(yǔ)標(biāo)記的趨勢(shì),格式的整合度更高。到了明清,“A來(lái)B去”發(fā)展迅速,數(shù)量激增,類(lèi)型完善,少數(shù)“A來(lái)B去”固化為成語(yǔ),與現(xiàn)代漢語(yǔ)的“A來(lái)B去”在語(yǔ)義與句法上相差無(wú)幾。進(jìn)入現(xiàn)代漢語(yǔ)階段,“A來(lái)B去”數(shù)量不斷增加,能產(chǎn)性更強(qiáng)。按照語(yǔ)義、句法以及固化程度高低,將“A來(lái)B去”的整合度分為低、次低、次高、高四個(gè)等級(jí)。
[Abstract]:A fixed phrase "A, A, B," is fixed, "A" is a variable, "A" "B" is a monosyllabic morpheme or word, it can be the same or different. "A" has a noun in addition to the common verbs. Adjectives, adverbs, pronouns, numerals, etc. The syntactic relations between "A" and "Lai", "B" and "go" are mainly subject-predicate in different combinations. There are three kinds of middle complement and partial correction. The order of "AZB" in this structure has certain regularity, and generally accords with the sequence of action, natural sequence, etc., which is called positive order. This paper is called inverted order. The adoption of positive order or reverse order is mainly related to the equivalence of the status of "Aneb" and the degree of "coming, going". In syntax, the syntactic function of "A, B," is restricted by the part of speech of "AZB". But there are three semantic relationships between "A" and "B", which are the same or close to each other, and are related to each other, and the overall semantics of "A to B go" have the continuity and repetition of the table action or shape. There are three kinds of representation functions: tabular statement, tabular reference, tabular representation and so on. There are some limitations on the part of speech of "Anib". In pragmatic aspect, "A to B" mainly expresses negative emotional color and subjective mass. The structure of "A to B go" first appeared in the Western Han Dynasty. During the Northern and Southern dynasties of Wei, Jin and Jin dynasties, "Anib" began to sprout as a noun, adjective, verb, numeral and adverb. At this time, the fixed phrase "come, go" as the core, the relationship between the components is loose, the degree of integration is low, the meaning of format is not obvious. During the Sui and Tang dynasties, "come, go" appeared to be fictitious, the meaning of displacement and direction was weakened, and the meaning of "repetition" was produced. The whole had a certain degree of integration and solidification. During the Song and Yuan dynasties, there was a tendency of "coming, going" to continue to become a discourse marker, and the integration degree of the format was even higher. By the Ming and Qing dynasties, "A to B" had developed rapidly, with a rapid increase in number and perfect types. A few "A to B go" solidify into idioms, which are no different from the modern Chinese "A to B go" in terms of semantics and syntax. In the modern Chinese stage, the number of "A to B go" has been increasing, and it is more productive. According to semantics, Syntactic and solidification degree, the integration degree of "A to B go" is divided into four grades: low, second low, second high and high.
【學(xué)位授予單位】：揚(yáng)州大學(xué)
【學(xué)位級(jí)別】：碩士
【學(xué)位授予年份】：2017
【分類(lèi)號(hào)】：H146.3

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