本文選題：醫(yī)療糾紛中文新聞報(bào)道　切入點(diǎn)：評(píng)價(jià)理論　出處：《蘭州交通大學(xué)》2016年碩士論文　論文類型：學(xué)位論文

【摘要】：新聞報(bào)道在人們的日常生活中扮演著越來(lái)越重要的角色。我們可以從新聞報(bào)道中了解國(guó)內(nèi)外發(fā)生的重大事件和熱點(diǎn)話題。近年來(lái),各種醫(yī)療糾紛層出不窮,已成為國(guó)內(nèi)的社會(huì)熱點(diǎn)事件之一,并引起了人們的高度重視。新聞?wù)Z篇分析是語(yǔ)言學(xué)研究的一個(gè)重要領(lǐng)域。最初對(duì)新聞?wù)Z篇研究是從文體學(xué)角度和社會(huì)文化角度進(jìn)行的(e.g.Crystal and Davy,1969;王佐良,1987;侯維銳,1988;etc.)。語(yǔ)篇分析的出現(xiàn)為新聞?wù)Z篇的研究提供了一個(gè)新的視角。1979年,Fowler在《語(yǔ)言與控制》一書(shū)中首次提出了“批評(píng)話語(yǔ)分析”這一術(shù)語(yǔ)。自此,許多學(xué)者(e.g.Fowler,1991;Van Dijk,1998;辛斌,1998;etc.)開(kāi)始從“批評(píng)話語(yǔ)分析”角度研究新聞?wù)Z篇。20世紀(jì)60年代,韓禮德(1985,1994)提出了系統(tǒng)功能語(yǔ)言學(xué),為語(yǔ)篇分析提供了多層次、多功能的理論框架。系統(tǒng)功能語(yǔ)言學(xué)認(rèn)為人際功能是通過(guò)語(yǔ)氣、情態(tài)和情態(tài)副詞實(shí)現(xiàn)的。然而,系統(tǒng)功能語(yǔ)言學(xué)沒(méi)有解決語(yǔ)言是如何表達(dá)作者或讀者觀點(diǎn)的問(wèn)題。2000年,馬丁發(fā)現(xiàn)了這一不足,并提出了評(píng)價(jià)理論,從而進(jìn)一步發(fā)展了系統(tǒng)功能語(yǔ)言學(xué)。評(píng)價(jià)理論由態(tài)度、介入和級(jí)差三個(gè)子系統(tǒng)構(gòu)成。自評(píng)價(jià)理論確立以來(lái),被國(guó)內(nèi)外許多學(xué)者用來(lái)分析各種類型語(yǔ)篇(e.g.Iedema,Feez and White,1994;White,1998;Korner,2000;Coffin,2002;Hood,2004;王振華,2004;陳曉燕,2007;劉悅明,2012;布占廷,2013;etc.)。然而,很少學(xué)者研究中文新聞?wù)Z篇。本文從評(píng)價(jià)理論角度分析醫(yī)療糾紛中文新聞報(bào)道。本研究采用分層隨機(jī)抽樣方法從2012年到2014年國(guó)內(nèi)報(bào)紙中,選取十五篇醫(yī)療糾紛中文新聞報(bào)道作為分析語(yǔ)料,采用UAM Corpus Tool 3.2和Excel 2007兩種分析工具,定量和定性相結(jié)合的研究方法,旨在探明態(tài)度、介入和級(jí)差資源在醫(yī)療糾紛中文新聞報(bào)道中是如何實(shí)現(xiàn)和分布的,并解釋分布的原因。通過(guò)分析,主要發(fā)現(xiàn)如下:第一,在醫(yī)療糾紛中文新聞報(bào)道中,態(tài)度資源使用較少,占4.9%。態(tài)度系統(tǒng)中,情感,判斷和鑒賞這三個(gè)子范疇屬于主觀性評(píng)價(jià)范疇,從而體現(xiàn)了醫(yī)療糾紛中文新聞報(bào)道的客觀性。第二,在醫(yī)療糾紛中文新聞報(bào)道中,介入資源使用最多,占評(píng)價(jià)資源的86.5%。在多聲子范疇中,對(duì)話緊縮資源多于對(duì)話擴(kuò)展資源。在對(duì)話緊縮資源中,新聞?dòng)浾邇A向于使用否認(rèn)資源壓制其他聲音的對(duì)話空間,以凸顯觀點(diǎn)的可信度。新聞?dòng)浾呤褂霉尜Y源以呈現(xiàn)個(gè)人主張的正當(dāng)性,壓制或排除可能的觀點(diǎn)。對(duì)話擴(kuò)展資源中,歸屬資源的數(shù)量多于接納資源。歸屬資源中,新聞?dòng)浾咄ㄟ^(guò)使用承認(rèn)資源引入其他權(quán)威人士的觀點(diǎn),從而使新聞報(bào)道更真實(shí)、可信。新聞?dòng)浾呤褂媒蛹{資源拉近與讀者的距離,以使其觀點(diǎn)更易于被讀者接受。第三,級(jí)差資源在醫(yī)療糾紛中文新聞報(bào)道中僅占8.6%。通過(guò)分析,語(yǔ)勢(shì)資源多于聚焦資源。新聞?dòng)浾呤褂谜Z(yǔ)勢(shì)資源構(gòu)筑價(jià)值立場(chǎng)并最大化地使讀者接受他們的觀點(diǎn)。新聞?dòng)浾呤褂脧?qiáng)勢(shì)詞匯加強(qiáng)他們的積極態(tài)度,使用模糊性詞匯削弱他們的消極態(tài)度。本研究證明了用評(píng)價(jià)理論分析中文語(yǔ)篇的可行性,擴(kuò)大了評(píng)價(jià)理論的研究范圍,為中文語(yǔ)篇研究提供了一個(gè)新視角。評(píng)價(jià)理論的運(yùn)用為新聞從業(yè)人員撰寫(xiě)新聞報(bào)道提供恰當(dāng)?shù)脑u(píng)價(jià)策略。而作為讀者,應(yīng)該從批判性閱讀角度正確解讀醫(yī)療糾紛新聞報(bào)道,發(fā)掘隱藏在新聞?dòng)浾哂^點(diǎn)、態(tài)度背后的真實(shí)新聞信息,從而提高評(píng)判意識(shí)。本文由六章構(gòu)成。第一章簡(jiǎn)述了本論文的研究背景、研究目的及意義和論文的框架結(jié)構(gòu)。第二章是文獻(xiàn)綜述部分。作者對(duì)國(guó)內(nèi)外評(píng)價(jià)理論的相關(guān)研究與新聞?wù)Z篇的相關(guān)研究進(jìn)行了回顧。第三章概述了本文的理論框架。評(píng)價(jià)理論由態(tài)度、介入和級(jí)差三個(gè)子系統(tǒng)構(gòu)成。第四章是本文的研究方法,包括研究問(wèn)題、研究工具、數(shù)據(jù)收集和分析步驟。第五章是分析結(jié)果與討論。作者運(yùn)用評(píng)價(jià)理論的三個(gè)子系統(tǒng)對(duì)醫(yī)療糾紛中文新聞報(bào)道進(jìn)行了分析,并總結(jié)出醫(yī)療糾紛中文新聞報(bào)道中評(píng)價(jià)資源的分布與特征。第六章總結(jié)了本文的主要發(fā)現(xiàn)、啟示,指出本文研究的局限性,并為未來(lái)研究提供了一些建議。
[Abstract]:The news is playing an increasingly important role in people's daily life. We can understand the topic of major events happening at home and abroad and hot from the press. In recent years, the medical disputes emerge in an endless stream, has become one of the hot social events in China, and attracted the attention of people. News discourse analysis is a an important field of linguistic study. The first is social and cultural perspective from the perspective of stylistics of news discourse research (e.g.Crystal and Davy, 1969; Wang Zuoliang, 1987; Hou Weirui, 1988; etc.). Discourse analysis for study of news discourse provides a new perspective in.1979, Fowler < > language and control a book first proposed the "critical discourse analysis" of the term. Since then, many scholars (e.g.Fowler, 1991; Van Dijk, 1998; Xin Bin, 1998; etc.) from the beginning of "critical discourse analysis perspective. The news discourse.20 century 60s, Hallidy (19851994) put forward the systemic functional linguistics provides a multi-level theoretical framework for discourse analysis, multi function. According to systemic functional linguistics, the interpersonal function is realized by mood, modality and modal adverbs. However, systemic functional linguistics does not solve the language is how to express the author or reader a point of.2000 years, Martin discovered the problem, and puts forward the evaluation theory, so as to further development of the systemic functional linguistics. The appraisal theory consists of attitude, engagement and graduation constitute three subsystems. Self evaluation theory since the establishment of various types of discourse analysis by many scholars at home and abroad for (e.g.Iedema, Feez and White. 1994; White, 1998; Korner, 2000; Coffin, 2002; Hood, 2004; Wang Zhenhua, 2004; Chen Xiaoyan, 2007; Liu Yueming, 2012; 2013 etc.); Zhan Ting Bu,. However, few scholars study the Chinese news Discourse. This paper analysis the medical dispute Chinese news reports from the perspective of appraisal theory. This study used stratified random sampling method from 2012 to 2014 domestic newspapers, a total of fifteen medical disputes Chinese news reports as the data for analysis, using UAM Corpus Tool 3.2 and Excel 2007 two kinds of analysis tools, quantitative and qualitative research methods. In order to find out how to realize the attitude, engagement and graduation resources and the distribution of Chinese medical disputes in the news reports, and explain the reason for the distribution. Through the analysis, the main findings are as follows: first, in the medical dispute Chinese news reports, using less emotional attitude resources, accounting for 4.9%. system, attitude, judgment and appreciation of the three sub belongs to the category of subjective evaluation category, which reflects the objectivity of news reports Chinese medical disputes. In second, the medical dispute Chinese news reports, involved in the use of resources The most, accounted for assessment of the resources of 86.5%. in multi phonon field, dialogic contraction resources is higher than the dialogic expansion resources. In the dialogic contraction resources, journalists tend to deny resources to suppress other voices in dialogue space, to highlight the credibility of the view. Journalists use the announcement to show individual claims legitimacy resources, suppress or exclude the possibility of the point of view. The dialogic expansion resources, ownership of resources than the number of accepted resources. Ownership of resources, journalists admitted through the use of resources into other authorities, so as to make news reports more real and credible. Journalists use accepted resources close to readers, to make their views more easily accepted by readers. Third, Chinese graduation resources of medical disputes in the news reports only 8.6%. through the analysis of language resources than focusing resources. Journalists use language resources to build price The value of the position and to maximize the readers to accept their views. Journalists use strong words to strengthen their positive attitude, using fuzzy words weaken their negative attitude. This study proved the feasibility analysis Chinese discourse evaluation theory, expanded the scope of the study of appraisal theory, provides a new perspective for Chinese study on discourse. Using the evaluation theory for the journalists to write news reports provide the appropriate evaluation method. As a reader, you should read the point of correct interpretation of medical disputes news reports from critical, discover the hidden in news reporters view, attitude of the truth behind the news and information, so as to improve awareness. This thesis consists of six chapters. The chapter introduces the research background, purpose and significance of the research and the framework of the thesis. The second chapter is literature review. The evaluation of domestic and foreign theory Related studies and news discourse are reviewed. The third chapter outlines the theoretical framework of this paper. The appraisal theory consists of attitude, engagement and graduation consists of three subsystems. The fourth chapter is the research methodology, including research questions, research tools, data collection and analysis steps. The fifth chapter is the analysis of results and discussion the author uses. The three subsystems of appraisal theory to analyze the medical dispute Chinese news reports, and summarizes the distribution and characteristics of resource evaluation of medical disputes Chinese news reports. The sixth chapter summarizes the main findings and implications of this thesis, points out the limitations of this study, and provides some suggestions for future research.

【學(xué)位授予單位】：蘭州交通大學(xué)
【學(xué)位級(jí)別】：碩士
【學(xué)位授予年份】：2016
【分類號(hào)】：H15

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