本文選題：左　切入點(diǎn)：右　出處：《東北師范大學(xué)》2017年碩士論文　論文類型：學(xué)位論文

【摘要】：人類認(rèn)知世界的方式是從認(rèn)知自身出發(fā)的�？臻g方位詞的出現(xiàn)很大程度源于人類將自身定義為世界的方位軸。人們根據(jù)對(duì)自身生理構(gòu)造以及對(duì)客觀世界的認(rèn)識(shí)總結(jié)出了上,下,前,后,左,右等一系列詞。作為空間方位詞,上,下,前,后,左,右不但能定位空間,還能在特定的社會(huì)文化環(huán)境中被人類賦予新的意義。這種現(xiàn)象被LackoffJohnson定義為空間隱喻。通過閱讀有關(guān)空間方位詞的文獻(xiàn),本文作者發(fā)現(xiàn)國(guó)內(nèi)外研究人員更多是對(duì)上,下,前,后空間方位詞的研究。而對(duì)空間方位詞左和右的研究寥寥無幾。本文作者發(fā)現(xiàn)在《現(xiàn)代漢語詞典》,《左傳》,《禮記》中,空間方位詞左和右在不同歷史時(shí)期,有著不同的文化含義,其中尊卑差異尤為突出。本文以漢語空間方位詞左和右為研究對(duì)象,研究以下三個(gè)問題:1)從歷時(shí)角度分析漢字左和右的意義在不同朝代有哪些特征?2)漢字左和右的引申意義是怎么出現(xiàn)的?3)漢字左和右引申意義背后的認(rèn)知機(jī)制是什么?本文以《現(xiàn)代漢語詞典》,北京大學(xué)語言學(xué)研究中心語料庫為基礎(chǔ)選取語料,以認(rèn)知語言學(xué)中概念隱喻理論和原型理論為理論框架,對(duì)搜集的語料進(jìn)行分析,回答以上三個(gè)問題。研究表明,漢字左和右的引申意義分為兩種,尊和卑。尊左,卑左,尊右還是卑右在不同的歷史朝代各不一樣。商周時(shí)期尊左卑右,春秋時(shí)期尊右卑左,戰(zhàn)國(guó)時(shí)期,秦朝,西漢時(shí)期尊右卑左,東漢時(shí)期到宋朝尊左卑右,元朝以及明朝前期是尊右卑左,明朝后期到清朝是尊左卑右。近現(xiàn)代出現(xiàn)的左和右的詞匯中并沒有過多的尊卑意義。左和右出現(xiàn)這些引申意義的原因有以下四點(diǎn):第一,由于人體生理構(gòu)造,部分人右手比左手靈敏,所以在人體大腦中產(chǎn)生了右手優(yōu)于左手的意識(shí),進(jìn)而在生活中對(duì)右的隱喻認(rèn)知更加側(cè)重對(duì)右的遵從;第二,由于中國(guó)陰陽風(fēng)水之術(shù)的盛行,東方象征尊貴,光明,中國(guó)人在建筑構(gòu)造上喜歡坐北朝南,人們?cè)诰妥且彩侨绱?而人體的左側(cè)恰好在東邊,久而久之就產(chǎn)生了左為尊;第三,由于民族文化的遺傳與繼承;第四,由于對(duì)西方外來文化的借鑒與吸收。本文認(rèn)為,人類體驗(yàn)和隱喻是左和右意義引申的主要機(jī)制:原始義來源于人與世界互動(dòng)的體驗(yàn),引申義來源于隱喻擴(kuò)展。因此,漢字左和右的意義拓展正是由于人類對(duì)客觀世界的體驗(yàn)加以概念化而形成的。
[Abstract]:The way in which human beings perceive the world is based on their own cognition. The appearance of spatial orientation words to a great extent stems from the fact that human beings define themselves as the azimuth axis of the world. People sum up the above and the following according to their own physiological structure and their understanding of the objective world. A series of words such as front, rear, left, right, etc. As spatial orientation words, top, bottom, front, rear, left and right can not only locate space, This phenomenon is defined by LackoffJohnson as a spatial metaphor. By reading the literature on spatial locational words, the author finds that researchers at home and abroad are more likely to be on top, bottom, and front. There are few researches on the left and right of the spatial orientation words. The author finds that in the Modern Chinese Dictionary, Zuo Zhuan, Li Ji, the left and right spatial azimuth words have different cultural meanings in different historical periods. Among them, the difference of superiority and inferiority is especially prominent. This paper takes the Chinese spatial orientation word left and right as the research object, studies the following three questions: 1) from the diachronic point of view, analyzes the meaning of Chinese character left and right in different dynasties. 2) how does the extended meaning of left and right Chinese characters appear? 3) what is the cognitive mechanism behind the extension of left and right meanings of Chinese characters? Based on the Dictionary of Modern Chinese, the corpus of the linguistic Research Center of Peking University, and the conceptual metaphor theory and prototype theory in cognitive linguistics, this paper analyzes the collected corpus. The study shows that the extended meaning of left and right Chinese characters can be divided into two types: Zunhe Xiu. Respect left, inferior left, respect right inferior or inferior in different historical dynasties. In Shang and Zhou dynasties, left inferior to right, Spring and Autumn period, right inferior to right. During the warring States period, the Qin Dynasty, the Western Han Dynasty, the Eastern Han Dynasty to the Song Dynasty, the Yuan Dynasty and the early Ming Dynasty, From the late Ming Dynasty to the Qing Dynasty, the left was inferior to the right. In modern times, the words left and right did not have too much sense of superiority and inferiority. The reasons for the extension of the left and right were as follows: first, due to the physiological structure of the human body, Because the right hand is more sensitive than the left hand, some people have the consciousness that the right hand is superior to the left hand in the human brain, and in their life the metaphorical cognition of the right is more focused on the right; second, because of the prevalence of the art of fengshui of yin and yang in China, The East symbolizes nobility and brightness. Chinese people like to sit north and face south in architecture, and so are people sitting in their seats, while the left side of the human body happens to be in the east, and over time the left side is respected; third, due to the inheritance and inheritance of national culture; In 4th, because of the reference and absorption of western foreign culture, this paper holds that human experience and metaphor are the main mechanism of extension of left and right meanings: the original meaning comes from the experience of interaction between man and the world, and the meaning comes from the extension of metaphor. The extension of left and right meanings of Chinese characters is formed by the conceptualization of human experience of the objective world.
【學(xué)位授予單位】：東北師范大學(xué)
【學(xué)位級(jí)別】：碩士
【學(xué)位授予年份】：2017
【分類號(hào)】：H15

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