本文選題：有　切入點：無　出處：《華中師范大學(xué)》2017年碩士論文　論文類型：學(xué)位論文

【摘要】：本文以標記理論、三個平面理論為指導(dǎo),在考察大量語料的基礎(chǔ)上,從構(gòu)詞、句法組配兩個層面對現(xiàn)代漢語反義詞“有”“無”的對稱與不對稱現(xiàn)象進行了詳細描寫,并從語言內(nèi)部和外部兩個角度挖掘出形成不對稱現(xiàn)象的深層原因。全文共分為五個部分:第一部分首先從標記理論研究、“有”和“無”的研究、反義詞不對稱研究三個方面簡要介紹了其研究現(xiàn)狀,并概括了本文的研究內(nèi)容及研究意義,說明了研究方法及語料來源。第二部分描寫并解釋了二者在構(gòu)詞上的對稱和不對稱現(xiàn)象。首先通過對“有”“無”的詞典釋義、構(gòu)詞數(shù)量和使用頻率的比較,發(fā)現(xiàn)“有”語義更豐富,構(gòu)詞能力更強,利用意義、頻率標準猜想“有”為無標記項,“無”為有標記項。其次,描寫了二者在構(gòu)詞形式上的對稱與不對稱現(xiàn)象:詞形對稱的情況,又分為意義對稱、意義不完全對稱、意義完全不對稱三種;詞形不對稱的情況,又分為“有'有'無'無'”和“有'無'無'有'”兩類,每一種情況中都解釋說明了形成對稱與不對稱的原因、“有”和“無”的標記性,并發(fā)現(xiàn)了二者的標記性存在不穩(wěn)定的現(xiàn)象。第三部分描寫解釋了二者在句法組配上的對稱和不對稱現(xiàn)象。首先,在搭配副詞上,“有”不受雙音化約束,單、雙音節(jié)副詞均可組配,“無”更易于與單音節(jié)副詞組配;由于語義相容性、預(yù)設(shè)和諧的影響,“無”可組配的副詞種類、數(shù)量遠低于“有”。其次,在搭配名詞上,都傾向于和中性名詞組配,但“有”可組配的名詞數(shù)量更多,與名詞組配的能力更強;“有+N”主觀評價性強,“無+N”客觀描述性突出;“有+A+N”中積極義定語占優(yōu)勢,“無+A+N”中中性義定語占優(yōu)勢;“有”可自由地與概數(shù)詞、確數(shù)詞搭配,“無”只能與確數(shù)詞“一”搭配。最后,在搭配動詞上,二者均可與能愿動詞、比似動詞組配,“有”還可與存現(xiàn)動詞、變化動詞組配形成“V有”動結(jié)結(jié)構(gòu),“無”不具備此功能。綜上,“有”的句法組配能力較之“無”更強,根據(jù)分布標準,確證了“有”為無標記項,“無”為有標記項。第四部分從語言內(nèi)部和外部兩個角度分析了造成二者使用不對稱的深層原因。語言內(nèi)部,音節(jié)約束、語義及預(yù)設(shè)的不相容性、語義場的交叉均可造成使用的不對稱;語言外部,心理原因、認知原因、經(jīng)濟原則、禮貌原則也會造成“有”“無”使用上的不對稱。第五部分是全文的結(jié)論,并指出了文章寫作中的不足及尚待完善的地方。
[Abstract]:Under the guidance of Markedness Theory and three plane theories, this paper describes in detail the symmetry and asymmetry phenomenon of the antonyms "having" and "none" in modern Chinese on the basis of studying a large number of language materials, from the two levels of word formation and syntactic matching. The paper is divided into five parts: the first part studies the theory of markers, the study of "yes" and "nothing", and the research of "have" and "nothing". This paper briefly introduces the research status of antonym asymmetry in three aspects, and summarizes the research content and significance of this paper. The second part describes and explains the symmetries and asymmetries in word formation. First, by comparing the definitions, the number of words and the frequency of use of the word "nil", the author makes a comparison of the meaning, the number of words, and the frequency of use of the lexicon "have" and "none". It is found that the meaning of "you" is richer, the ability of word formation is stronger, and the frequency standard conjectures that "there" is an unmarked item, "none" is a marked item. This paper describes the symmetry and asymmetry of the two forms of word formation: the symmetry of word form is divided into three types: symmetry of meaning, incomplete symmetry of meaning, complete asymmetry of meaning, asymmetry of form of word, asymmetry of form of word, symmetry of form of word, asymmetry of meaning and asymmetry of meaning. It is divided into two categories: "have, have, have, have, have, have, have, have, have, have, have, have, have, have, have, and in each case explain the causes of symmetry and asymmetry, the markedness of" yes "and" no, " The third part describes the symmetries and asymmetries in syntactic combination between them. First, in collocation adverbs, the "you" is not subject to the binosyllabic constraints. Disyllabic adverbs can be combined, "none" is easier to match with monosyllabic adverbs; due to the influence of semantic compatibility and presupposition harmony, the number of adverbs that "none" can be matched is much lower than that of "you". Secondly, in collocation nouns, They tend to match with neutral nouns, but there are more nouns that can be combined. The ability of matching with nouns is stronger; "there is N" is subjective and evaluative, "without N" is objective descriptive; "there is" positive attribute in "A" is dominant; "No A" is dominant in neutral attribute; "you" is free to be associated with estimated words. In the collocation of exact numerals, "none" can only be collocated with "one". Finally, in the collocation of verbs, both of them can be matched with verbs of can wish, rather than like verbs, and "you" can also be combined with verbs of existential appearance. Variable verbs form a "V have" structure, and "none" does not have this function. In summary, the syntactic ability of "you" is stronger than that of "none", according to the distribution criteria, It is confirmed that "have" is an unmarked item, and "none" is a marked item. Part 4th analyzes the underlying reasons for the asymmetry of the use of the two terms from both the internal and external perspectives of the language, the incompatibility of language, syllable, semantics and presupposition, The intersection of semantic fields can result in asymmetry in use; the external language, psychological reasons, cognitive reasons, economic principles and politeness principles will also result in asymmetry in the use of "no". Part 5th is the conclusion of the paper. At the same time, the author points out the deficiency in the writing of the article and the place that remains to be consummated.
【學(xué)位授予單位】：華中師范大學(xué)
【學(xué)位級別】：碩士
【學(xué)位授予年份】：2017
【分類號】：H146.3

【相似文獻】

相關(guān)期刊論文 前10條

1 趙雅青;;“深+N_季”組配的認知語義分析[J];當代修辭學(xué);2011年06期

2 周崧;;蜜蜂工程育種概論(二)[J];蜜蜂雜志;1987年03期

3 彭思;;“整理”與“收拾”的異同[J];神州;2014年18期

4 田英華;;組配流行語的結(jié)構(gòu)、意義與文化傳播功能[J];對外漢語研究;2012年00期

5 黃鳳，

本文編號：1562037