本文關(guān)鍵詞： 構(gòu)式 “說(shuō)不上X” 句法 語(yǔ)義 反預(yù)期　出處：《湘潭大學(xué)》2016年碩士論文　論文類型：學(xué)位論文

【摘要】：“說(shuō)不上X”格式在文學(xué)作品中是一種十分常見(jiàn)的句式,在日常交際中也頻繁使用。目前學(xué)界關(guān)于動(dòng)補(bǔ)賓結(jié)構(gòu)的研究成果十分豐富,但是專門針對(duì)“說(shuō)不上X”格式的研究還較少,尤其是關(guān)于“說(shuō)不上X”格式的語(yǔ)義類型還存有爭(zhēng)議。本文基于真實(shí)語(yǔ)料,以構(gòu)式理論為指導(dǎo)思想,采取描述與解釋相結(jié)合、定量與定性相結(jié)合的方法,對(duì)“說(shuō)不上X”格式的句法和語(yǔ)義兩個(gè)方面進(jìn)行了較為全面的研究,旨在探討“說(shuō)不上X”格式及其構(gòu)成成分的句法特點(diǎn)和語(yǔ)義特征,加強(qiáng)對(duì)“說(shuō)不上X”格式的認(rèn)識(shí),幫助漢語(yǔ)學(xué)習(xí)者更好地掌握“說(shuō)不上X”格式。全文主要包括以下兩個(gè)方面的內(nèi)容:第一部分考察“說(shuō)不上X”格式的句法特點(diǎn)。首先分析“說(shuō)不上X”格式中變量“X”的句法特點(diǎn),從語(yǔ)法單位的角度來(lái)看,“X”可以是語(yǔ)素、詞或短語(yǔ),還可以前置或省略,“X”是詞時(shí)多數(shù)為形容詞,并存在兼類詞的情況,“X”為短語(yǔ)時(shí)以動(dòng)賓短語(yǔ)居多;從語(yǔ)法性質(zhì)的角度分析,“X”既可以是名詞性成分,也可以是謂詞性成分。其次是分析“說(shuō)不上X”的句法結(jié)構(gòu),通過(guò)采取語(yǔ)法意義和語(yǔ)法形式相結(jié)合的標(biāo)準(zhǔn),“說(shuō)不上X”格式的句法結(jié)構(gòu)可以分為三種情況:一是述補(bǔ)賓結(jié)構(gòu),二是狀中結(jié)構(gòu),三是兩者皆可的中間狀態(tài),其中以狀中結(jié)構(gòu)居多,說(shuō)明結(jié)構(gòu)固化完成;最后是考察“說(shuō)不上X”格式的句法功能,“說(shuō)不上X”格式可以充當(dāng)句子的成分,也可以充當(dāng)復(fù)句的分句,還能充當(dāng)語(yǔ)境句,“說(shuō)不上X”充分句時(shí)具有非自足性,最為常見(jiàn)的是與先行后續(xù)句構(gòu)成轉(zhuǎn)折關(guān)系,充當(dāng)語(yǔ)境句時(shí)一般出現(xiàn)在對(duì)話語(yǔ)體中。第二部分全面分析該格式的語(yǔ)義特點(diǎn)。首先分析格式成分“說(shuō)不上”的語(yǔ)義特征,具體表現(xiàn)為三種情況:一是具有[+表述]、[±客觀]的語(yǔ)義特征,二是具有[±表述]、[+主觀]的語(yǔ)義特征,三是具有[+程度]、[+主觀]的語(yǔ)義特征,隨著凝固性越強(qiáng),其語(yǔ)義虛化程度越高。其次考察“X”的語(yǔ)義類型,可以歸為表示話語(yǔ)內(nèi)容、表示常規(guī)可知性內(nèi)容和表屬性程度三類;“X”表屬性程度義時(shí),根據(jù)其屬性程度義的來(lái)源可細(xì)分為核心詞可量化、修飾語(yǔ)可量化、隱藏量化和語(yǔ)境賦予四類,其中以核心詞可量化類居多。接著,分析了“說(shuō)不上X”格式的語(yǔ)義類型,主要分為表結(jié)果未達(dá)義和表程度未達(dá)義兩類,結(jié)果未達(dá)義再分為行為結(jié)果未達(dá)義和認(rèn)識(shí)結(jié)果未達(dá)義,程度未達(dá)義的語(yǔ)義特征具體表現(xiàn)為[+評(píng)價(jià)]、[+主觀小量]和[模糊性]。最后,考察“說(shuō)不上X”在語(yǔ)境中的反預(yù)期表達(dá)功能,根據(jù)預(yù)期信息的來(lái)源可分為反個(gè)人預(yù)期和反公眾預(yù)期兩類,其中以反個(gè)人預(yù)期最為常見(jiàn)。
[Abstract]:The "X" format is a very common sentence pattern in literary works, and is frequently used in daily communication. At present, there are a lot of research results on the structure of verb-complement object in academic circles, but there are few researches on "can't say X" format. In particular, there is still controversy about the semantic types of "X" format. Based on the real corpus, this paper takes the construction theory as the guiding ideology, and adopts the method of combining description and interpretation, quantitative and qualitative. This paper makes a comprehensive study on the syntactic and semantic aspects of "can't say X" format in order to probe into the syntactic and semantic characteristics of the "unspeakable X" format and its constituent components, and to strengthen the understanding of the "unable to say X" format. This paper mainly includes the following two aspects: the first part is to investigate the syntactic characteristics of the "no say X" format. First, it analyzes the syntactic characteristics of the variable "X" in the "can't say X" format. From the perspective of grammatical unit, "X" can be a morpheme, word or phrase, and can be prefixed or omitted. "X" is a majority of adjectives when a word is used, and there is a case of a combination of words. When "X" is a phrase, the verb-object phrase is the majority. From the perspective of grammatical nature, "X" can be either a nominal component or a predicate part of speech, followed by an analysis of the syntactic structure of "X". By adopting the standard of combining grammatical meaning with grammatical form, the syntactic structure of "can't say X" can be divided into three situations: one is the structure of complement and object, the other is the middle structure of the state, and the third is the intermediate state, in which the structure in the form is the most. Finally, it examines the syntactic function of the "no say X" format, which can be used as a component of a sentence, as a clause of a complex sentence, as a contextual sentence, and as a non-self-sufficient sentence when an adequate sentence cannot be described as X. The most common is to form a turning point relationship with the antecedent sentence, which usually appears in the discourse body when it acts as the contextual sentence. The second part comprehensively analyzes the semantic characteristics of the format. There are three kinds of cases: one is the semantic characteristic of [expression], [鹵objective], the other is the semantic feature of [鹵expression], [subjective], and the third is the semantic characteristic of [degree], [subjective], with the solidification of the character, Secondly, the semantic types of "X" can be classified into three categories: the representation of discourse content, the representation of conventional knowability content and the degree of tabular attribute; when the semantic type of "X" is investigated, the semantic type of "X" can be classified into three categories:. According to the source of its attribute degree meaning, it can be divided into four categories: core words quantifiable, modifiers quantifiable, hidden quantization and context endows, in which the core words are mostly quantifiable. Then, the semantic types of "can't say X" format are analyzed. It can be divided into two categories: the result is unreached and the result is not reached. The result is divided into behavioral result and cognitive result. The semantic characteristics of degree unreached are as follows: [evaluation], [subjective small quantity] and [fuzziness]. Finally, there are two categories: "evaluation", "subjective small quantity" and "fuzziness". According to the sources of expected information, there are two types of anti-personal expectation and anti-public expectation, among which anti-personal expectation is the most common.
【學(xué)位授予單位】：湘潭大學(xué)
【學(xué)位級(jí)別】：碩士
【學(xué)位授予年份】：2016
【分類號(hào)】：H146.3

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