本文關(guān)鍵詞： 構(gòu)式 “說不上X” 句法 語義 反預(yù)期　出處：《湘潭大學(xué)》2016年碩士論文　論文類型：學(xué)位論文

【摘要】：“說不上X”格式在文學(xué)作品中是一種十分常見的句式,在日常交際中也頻繁使用。目前學(xué)界關(guān)于動(dòng)補(bǔ)賓結(jié)構(gòu)的研究成果十分豐富,但是專門針對(duì)“說不上X”格式的研究還較少,尤其是關(guān)于“說不上X”格式的語義類型還存有爭議。本文基于真實(shí)語料,以構(gòu)式理論為指導(dǎo)思想,采取描述與解釋相結(jié)合、定量與定性相結(jié)合的方法,對(duì)“說不上X”格式的句法和語義兩個(gè)方面進(jìn)行了較為全面的研究,旨在探討“說不上X”格式及其構(gòu)成成分的句法特點(diǎn)和語義特征,加強(qiáng)對(duì)“說不上X”格式的認(rèn)識(shí),幫助漢語學(xué)習(xí)者更好地掌握“說不上X”格式。全文主要包括以下兩個(gè)方面的內(nèi)容:第一部分考察“說不上X”格式的句法特點(diǎn)。首先分析“說不上X”格式中變量“X”的句法特點(diǎn),從語法單位的角度來看,“X”可以是語素、詞或短語,還可以前置或省略,“X”是詞時(shí)多數(shù)為形容詞,并存在兼類詞的情況,“X”為短語時(shí)以動(dòng)賓短語居多;從語法性質(zhì)的角度分析,“X”既可以是名詞性成分,也可以是謂詞性成分。其次是分析“說不上X”的句法結(jié)構(gòu),通過采取語法意義和語法形式相結(jié)合的標(biāo)準(zhǔn),“說不上X”格式的句法結(jié)構(gòu)可以分為三種情況:一是述補(bǔ)賓結(jié)構(gòu),二是狀中結(jié)構(gòu),三是兩者皆可的中間狀態(tài),其中以狀中結(jié)構(gòu)居多,說明結(jié)構(gòu)固化完成;最后是考察“說不上X”格式的句法功能,“說不上X”格式可以充當(dāng)句子的成分,也可以充當(dāng)復(fù)句的分句,還能充當(dāng)語境句,“說不上X”充分句時(shí)具有非自足性,最為常見的是與先行后續(xù)句構(gòu)成轉(zhuǎn)折關(guān)系,充當(dāng)語境句時(shí)一般出現(xiàn)在對(duì)話語體中。第二部分全面分析該格式的語義特點(diǎn)。首先分析格式成分“說不上”的語義特征,具體表現(xiàn)為三種情況:一是具有[+表述]、[±客觀]的語義特征,二是具有[±表述]、[+主觀]的語義特征,三是具有[+程度]、[+主觀]的語義特征,隨著凝固性越強(qiáng),其語義虛化程度越高。其次考察“X”的語義類型,可以歸為表示話語內(nèi)容、表示常規(guī)可知性內(nèi)容和表屬性程度三類;“X”表屬性程度義時(shí),根據(jù)其屬性程度義的來源可細(xì)分為核心詞可量化、修飾語可量化、隱藏量化和語境賦予四類,其中以核心詞可量化類居多。接著,分析了“說不上X”格式的語義類型,主要分為表結(jié)果未達(dá)義和表程度未達(dá)義兩類,結(jié)果未達(dá)義再分為行為結(jié)果未達(dá)義和認(rèn)識(shí)結(jié)果未達(dá)義,程度未達(dá)義的語義特征具體表現(xiàn)為[+評(píng)價(jià)]、[+主觀小量]和[模糊性]。最后,考察“說不上X”在語境中的反預(yù)期表達(dá)功能,根據(jù)預(yù)期信息的來源可分為反個(gè)人預(yù)期和反公眾預(yù)期兩類,其中以反個(gè)人預(yù)期最為常見。
[Abstract]:The "X" format is a very common sentence pattern in literary works, and is frequently used in daily communication. At present, there are a lot of research results on the structure of verb-complement object in academic circles, but there are few researches on "can't say X" format. In particular, there is still controversy about the semantic types of "X" format. Based on the real corpus, this paper takes the construction theory as the guiding ideology, and adopts the method of combining description and interpretation, quantitative and qualitative. This paper makes a comprehensive study on the syntactic and semantic aspects of "can't say X" format in order to probe into the syntactic and semantic characteristics of the "unspeakable X" format and its constituent components, and to strengthen the understanding of the "unable to say X" format. This paper mainly includes the following two aspects: the first part is to investigate the syntactic characteristics of the "no say X" format. First, it analyzes the syntactic characteristics of the variable "X" in the "can't say X" format. From the perspective of grammatical unit, "X" can be a morpheme, word or phrase, and can be prefixed or omitted. "X" is a majority of adjectives when a word is used, and there is a case of a combination of words. When "X" is a phrase, the verb-object phrase is the majority. From the perspective of grammatical nature, "X" can be either a nominal component or a predicate part of speech, followed by an analysis of the syntactic structure of "X". By adopting the standard of combining grammatical meaning with grammatical form, the syntactic structure of "can't say X" can be divided into three situations: one is the structure of complement and object, the other is the middle structure of the state, and the third is the intermediate state, in which the structure in the form is the most. Finally, it examines the syntactic function of the "no say X" format, which can be used as a component of a sentence, as a clause of a complex sentence, as a contextual sentence, and as a non-self-sufficient sentence when an adequate sentence cannot be described as X. The most common is to form a turning point relationship with the antecedent sentence, which usually appears in the discourse body when it acts as the contextual sentence. The second part comprehensively analyzes the semantic characteristics of the format. There are three kinds of cases: one is the semantic characteristic of [expression], [鹵objective], the other is the semantic feature of [鹵expression], [subjective], and the third is the semantic characteristic of [degree], [subjective], with the solidification of the character, Secondly, the semantic types of "X" can be classified into three categories: the representation of discourse content, the representation of conventional knowability content and the degree of tabular attribute; when the semantic type of "X" is investigated, the semantic type of "X" can be classified into three categories:. According to the source of its attribute degree meaning, it can be divided into four categories: core words quantifiable, modifiers quantifiable, hidden quantization and context endows, in which the core words are mostly quantifiable. Then, the semantic types of "can't say X" format are analyzed. It can be divided into two categories: the result is unreached and the result is not reached. The result is divided into behavioral result and cognitive result. The semantic characteristics of degree unreached are as follows: [evaluation], [subjective small quantity] and [fuzziness]. Finally, there are two categories: "evaluation", "subjective small quantity" and "fuzziness". According to the sources of expected information, there are two types of anti-personal expectation and anti-public expectation, among which anti-personal expectation is the most common.
【學(xué)位授予單位】：湘潭大學(xué)
【學(xué)位級(jí)別】：碩士
【學(xué)位授予年份】：2016
【分類號(hào)】：H146.3

【相似文獻(xiàn)】

相關(guān)期刊論文 前10條

1 周靜;;漢語同形“N的N”結(jié)構(gòu)的語義類型[J];漢語學(xué)習(xí);2006年04期

2 劉芳;;“V得/不動(dòng)”中“動(dòng)”的語義類型[J];語文知識(shí);2009年03期

3 姚雙云;;連詞“結(jié)果”的語法化及其語義類型[J];古漢語研究;2010年02期

4 劉曉寧;;淺析“真+X”感嘆句的結(jié)構(gòu)及情感語義類型[J];遼寧教育行政學(xué)院學(xué)報(bào);2010年03期

5 李莉莉;;“A也好,B也罷……”格式的語義類型分析[J];吉林省教育學(xué)院學(xué)報(bào)(學(xué)科版);2011年03期

6 孫成浩;;“V上N了”結(jié)構(gòu)語義類型分析[J];文學(xué)教育(中);2011年06期

7 熊莉;;副詞“各”的語義特征分析和語義類型考察[J];黃岡師范學(xué)院學(xué)報(bào);2013年04期

8 刁力人;索菲雨;;漢英語義類型對(duì)比及其翻譯策略[J];學(xué)周刊;2013年27期

9 王宜廣;宮領(lǐng)強(qiáng);;不等值性“……長……短”結(jié)構(gòu)的語義類型及其整合機(jī)制[J];華文教學(xué)與研究;2013年03期

10 朱曉亞;答句的語義類型[J];語言教學(xué)與研究;1995年03期

相關(guān)會(huì)議論文 前3條

1 李勤;;句子語義的稱名學(xué)研究——漢、英、俄語句子對(duì)比分析[A];中國首屆“海峽兩岸俄語教學(xué)與研究學(xué)術(shù)討論會(huì)”論文集[C];2005年

2 劉金虎;賀敬華;李蓮;;古漢語中名詞作狀語的語義類型[A];黑龍江省語言學(xué)會(huì)2004年年會(huì)論文集[C];2004年

3 趙宏;;漢語簡單句話題結(jié)構(gòu)的常見語義類型及其翻譯的一般規(guī)律[A];中國英漢語比較研究會(huì)第八次全國學(xué)術(shù)研討會(huì)論文摘要匯編[C];2008年

相關(guān)博士學(xué)位論文 前1條

1 高明月;基于本體的《備急千金要方》語義網(wǎng)絡(luò)構(gòu)建研究[D];北京中醫(yī)藥大學(xué);2016年

相關(guān)碩士學(xué)位論文 前10條

1 楊又勉;“說不上X”格式的句法語義研究[D];湘潭大學(xué);2016年

2 陳夢(mèng)霞;漢語“有”字存在構(gòu)式的構(gòu)式化和構(gòu)式變化[D];湖南大學(xué);2016年

3 郭婷婷;“除”字句的排除類型及語義識(shí)別[D];華中師范大學(xué);2002年

4 高苗紅;面向中文信息處理的V+N結(jié)構(gòu)句法與語義關(guān)系研究[D];河北大學(xué);2008年

5 李紅;含“看”的應(yīng)答詞語和句式及其語義類型研究[D];黑龍江大學(xué);2010年

6 劉濤;含因果關(guān)系單句探討[D];東北師范大學(xué);2002年

7 丁志叢;“開+NP”結(jié)構(gòu)考察[D];湖南師范大學(xué);2003年

8 范喜梅;“東A西B”與“左A右B”語義、句法和語用的異同[D];廣西師范大學(xué);2011年

9 易美丹;“沒X沒Y”格式的句法、語義及語用考察[D];暨南大學(xué);2009年

10 王菡;現(xiàn)代漢語狀補(bǔ)易位問題研究[D];吉林大學(xué);2012年

，

本文編號(hào)：1552118