本文關(guān)鍵詞： “沒(méi)有X的a 卻有Y的b” 反預(yù)期構(gòu)式 RCI模型　出處：《四川外國(guó)語(yǔ)大學(xué)》2017年碩士論文　論文類型：學(xué)位論文

【摘要】：近年來(lái)漢語(yǔ)中出現(xiàn)了一個(gè)十分時(shí)髦的反預(yù)期構(gòu)式“沒(méi)有公主的命,卻有公主的病”,隨后若干人根據(jù)這一說(shuō)法仿造出了150種類似的表達(dá),本文將其概括為“沒(méi)有X的a,卻有Y的b”(以下簡(jiǎn)稱“MQ-Construction”),目前已有學(xué)者研究了與其相關(guān)的構(gòu)式,但尚未有人研究該構(gòu)式及其認(rèn)知機(jī)制,更缺少語(yǔ)料數(shù)據(jù)支撐。本文擬基于認(rèn)知語(yǔ)言學(xué)(含構(gòu)式語(yǔ)法)將認(rèn)知參照點(diǎn)理論發(fā)展為多重認(rèn)知參照點(diǎn)理論,并與構(gòu)式壓傳觀有機(jī)結(jié)合,建立RCI模型(R代表Multiple Reference Point Theory,C代表Coercion Theory,I代表Inheritance Theory)。此模型從兩個(gè)維度解釋了該構(gòu)式的生成機(jī)制。一,在橫組合維度上,嘗試用多重參照點(diǎn)解釋其不同類型的認(rèn)知機(jī)制,即解決該構(gòu)式是如何被感知和理解的�！癤”是“a”的參照點(diǎn),“Y”是“b”的參照點(diǎn),“沒(méi)有X的a”是“卻有Y的b”的參照點(diǎn),這三者結(jié)合起來(lái),語(yǔ)義的焦點(diǎn)是后半句。二,在縱聚合維度上,嘗試用構(gòu)式壓傳觀解釋其不同類型之間的壓制與傳承,探討從原型構(gòu)式到非原型構(gòu)式之間的自我復(fù)制機(jī)制。本文遵循構(gòu)式語(yǔ)法的一般研究方法,分別從句法、語(yǔ)義、語(yǔ)用三個(gè)層面來(lái)解釋該構(gòu)式的認(rèn)知生成機(jī)制,同時(shí)從國(guó)內(nèi)最大的兩個(gè)搜索引擎百度搜索和谷歌進(jìn)行窮盡性搜索,共獲150條語(yǔ)料,對(duì)其進(jìn)行定性定量分析。我們基于RCI模型并結(jié)合語(yǔ)料分析發(fā)現(xiàn),在句法上,該構(gòu)式根據(jù)X和Y的詞性可分為三類,如表1所示,Type A1因其特殊的語(yǔ)用效果引起了人們的爭(zhēng)相模仿,因此數(shù)量最多,如上例句所示,屬于原型構(gòu)式。Type A2和Type B是在RCI模型下經(jīng)過(guò)多重認(rèn)知參照點(diǎn)理論和構(gòu)式壓傳下衍生出來(lái)的變體,因此數(shù)量較少。在句法上,我們討論了該構(gòu)式的構(gòu)成成分和結(jié)構(gòu)形式。(1)從構(gòu)成成分看,該構(gòu)式可分兩小類:固定成分和可替換成分,X和Y大多是具體名詞(含專有名詞和泛指名詞)或抽象名詞;(2)從結(jié)構(gòu)形式看,該構(gòu)式前半句是“沒(méi)有”引領(lǐng)的帶有否定意義的分句,后半句是“卻”引導(dǎo)的帶有轉(zhuǎn)折意義的肯定分句。在語(yǔ)義上,該構(gòu)式以“卻”為參照點(diǎn)發(fā)揮了承上啟下的作用,以“沒(méi)有X的a”作為參照點(diǎn),引出了“卻”字后面的內(nèi)容,為該構(gòu)式的語(yǔ)義焦點(diǎn)。此外,構(gòu)式對(duì)構(gòu)件有壓制,構(gòu)件對(duì)構(gòu)式本身也有壓制,進(jìn)入此構(gòu)式的兩個(gè)半句在語(yǔ)義上具有對(duì)立性關(guān)聯(lián)。在語(yǔ)用上,通過(guò)對(duì)比和反預(yù)期形成一種押韻、幽默、調(diào)侃、嘲諷的語(yǔ)用效果,它既陳述了主體“X”和“Y”的一些相對(duì)特征,同時(shí)還表明了發(fā)話人的主觀態(tài)度和評(píng)價(jià),是一種主觀性很強(qiáng)的功能句型。人具有類推能力,自從“沒(méi)有公主的命,卻有公主的病”這一構(gòu)式說(shuō)開(kāi)以后,敏感人士迅速傳承使用,仿擬出了150條此類表達(dá),為現(xiàn)代漢語(yǔ)研究又形成了一種新的修辭格。
[Abstract]:In recent years, there has been a very fashionable anti-expectation construction in Chinese, "there is no princess's life, but princess's disease", and then several people have copied 150 similar expressions based on this statement. In this paper, we generalize it as "a without X, but b of Y" (hereinafter referred to as "MQ-Construction"), which has been studied by some scholars. However, no one has studied the construction and its cognitive mechanism and lacks the support of corpus data. This paper intends to develop the theory of cognitive reference point into multi-cognitive reference point theory based on cognitive linguistics (Constructive Grammar). The RCI model is established to represent Multiple Reference Point Theory. C stands for Coercion Theory I for Inheritance Theory.This model explains the generation mechanism of the construct from two dimensions. In the horizontal combination dimension, we try to explain the different types of cognitive mechanism with multiple reference points, that is, to solve how the construction is perceived and understood. "X" is the reference point of "a" and "Y" is the reference point of "b". "A without X" is the reference point of "but b of Y", which is combined, and the semantic focus is on the second half sentence. Second, in the vertical aggregation dimension. This paper attempts to explain the suppression and inheritance between different types by using the Constructional Pressure-passing concept, and discusses the self-replicating mechanism from the archetypal to the non-archetypal constructions.This paper follows the general research methods of the construction grammar, respectively from the syntactic point of view. Semantic, pragmatic three levels to explain the construction of cognitive generation mechanism, at the same time from the two largest search engines Baidu search and Google exhaustive search, a total of 150 corpus. Based on the RCI model and the corpus analysis, we find that the construction can be divided into three categories according to X and Y parts of speech syntactically, as shown in Table 1. Because of its special pragmatic effect, Type A1 has aroused people's competition for imitation, so it has the most quantity, as shown in the example above. The archetypal constructions. Type A2 and Type B are variants derived from multiple cognitive reference point theory and construction pressure transfer under the RCI model, so the number of them is relatively small and syntactically. We discuss the composition and structural form of the construction. (1) from the point of view of the composition, the construction can be divided into two sub-categories: fixed component and replaceable component. X and Y are mostly concrete nouns (including proper nouns and generic nouns) or abstract nouns. (2) in terms of structural form, the first half of the construction is a negative clause led by "no", and the latter one is a positive clause with a turning point, which is led by "but". The construction takes "but" as the reference point and takes "a without X" as the reference point, which leads to the content behind the word "but", which is the semantic focus of the construction. The construction has the suppression to the component, the component also has the suppression to the construction itself, the two half sentences entering this construction have the opposite relation in the semantics. In the pragmatics, through the contrast and the counter-expectation forms a kind of rhyme, the humor, the ridicule. The pragmatic effect of sarcasm, which not only states the relative characteristics of the subject "X" and "Y", but also shows the speaker's subjective attitude and evaluation, which is a kind of functional sentence pattern with strong subjectivity. Since the construction of "there is no princess's life, but princess's disease", sensitive people have quickly passed on the use of 150 such expressions, forming a new rhetorical figure for the study of modern Chinese.
【學(xué)位授予單位】：四川外國(guó)語(yǔ)大學(xué)
【學(xué)位級(jí)別】：碩士
【學(xué)位授予年份】：2017
【分類號(hào)】：H146.3

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