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  本文選題：敘述　切入點：結構主義　出處：《東北師范大學》2002年碩士論文　論文類型：學位論文

【摘要】： 西方現(xiàn)代的文藝理論中有關敘述的理論，經歷了三次復興，即歷史一實證主義、審美主義和結構主義敘述學。這既與不同時期的文學觀念密不可分，更與不同時代人們的思維方式的差異緊密相關。繼前兩次理論復興之后，敘述學的產生與出現(xiàn)則標志著敘述理論的第三次復興。這樣在理論的復興中，小說理論批評就回歸了自身并運用結構主義文學批評方法實現(xiàn)了對自身的功能批評。作為一門新興學科，敘述學無論在批評實踐上還是理論建樹上都做出了重要貢獻。本文將從這一新興學科發(fā)生流變的角度，來具體闡述其本質、理論主張和文本特征，力圖對其本質范疇進行全面韻考察，，以期達到有效地吸收和借鑒的目的，全文共分五章。 第一章著重闡述的是敘述學產生的基礎，包括文學實踐基礎，文學理論基礎和批評方法論基礎三個方面。敘述學的產生是與小說，尤其是與現(xiàn)當代小說的創(chuàng)作實踐活動密切相關的。同時，作為關于敘事作品的科學，敘述學在小說研究方面，也的確抓住了小說文體的要害，提煉出了小說文體本質特征的核心范疇。批評范疇的有效性并不在于它是新的還是舊的，而在于它是否能抓住特定藝術形式的本質。結構主義敘述學正是從敘事這一小說文體分析的核心范疇出發(fā)，來更有效的切入小說本文的。毫無疑問，小說理論批評以敘事為核心遠比以人物和情節(jié)為核心更能抓住其文體的特征�？梢哉f，敘述學的產生正是文學研究領域內部結構主義文學批評與實證主義文學批評這兩種文學批評方法矛盾運動的結果，是二者彼此沖突與相互斗爭的產物，代表了文學理論要求進入研究領域的呼聲。 第二章著重闡述的是，思維層面的敘述學本質論。自有人類歷史以來，人類就一直在探察著人自身韻存在，整個西方哲學史就恰恰充分地體現(xiàn)了這一點。一個時代哲學的核心或深層本質是思維，思維方式的差異是區(qū)分思想史上不同時代的根本標志。作為文學批評方法的 結構主義是西方人的思維方式從傳統(tǒng)向現(xiàn)代轉換的結果。結構主義就 體現(xiàn)了相對的非本質主義思維方式的一些特點，而這些特點反過來又 影射出現(xiàn)代思維方式的特質。所以說結構主義敘述學的產生既是西方 社會存在的產物，更是人們思維方式轉換的結果。 第三章著重闡述的是，學科層面的敘述學本質論。結構主義敘述 學的產生與出現(xiàn)既是西方社會存在的產物，是人們的思維方式轉換更 新的結果：同時又是人文科學研究趨向綜合研究傾向的需要。正是人 文科學趨向綜合研究的傾向，才決定了結構主義敘述學的學科本質： 學科屬性的不確定性、與語言學關系的密切性。從思想根源和理論淵 源上來講，對結構主義的研究首先應從語言學和人類學著手。敘述學 的學科屬性，不是非常明確的，根據(jù)各人的研究重點不同，它與不同 的學科發(fā)生交叉關系。因此，敘述學的學科本質可歸結為其學科屬性 的不確切性（歸屬缺乏定論）。 第四章著重闡述的是結構主義敘述學的認識論特征：內在性和抽 象性。批評觀是由文學觀訣定的，敘述學是以文學內在論作為自己認 識論前提的。敘述學強調研究對象是內在的，所關心的是其自身內部 諸因素之間的關聯(lián)，是從敘述作品的內部去發(fā)掘關于敘述作品自身的 規(guī)律。敘述學理論主張的第二個特點是對研究對象的抽象性的強調， 敘述學的研究對象與其說是敘述作品，不如說是敘述作品的規(guī)律。 第五章著重闡述的是結構主義敘述學的文本特征。時況，語式和 語態(tài)是敘述作品的文本特征，筆者結合西方小說的具體創(chuàng)作實踐，從 時況，語式和語態(tài)這三個方面來具體探討敘述作品的文本特征在西方 小說的發(fā)展中的顯示及表現(xiàn)。從而使我們能夠對小說文本中的敘述結 構模式有個大致的了解，增進對文學敘述規(guī)律的理解，進而對敘述學 這門全新的新興學科有一個全面的把握和理解。 最后得出結論：敘述學借用結構主義語言學的語言模式來對敘述 作品進行系統(tǒng)、科學的研究，從而擺脫了以往的印象式、傳記式、歷 史式的批評方法，使對小說的研究達到了科學的高度，也使對小說規(guī) 律、敘述機制等的研究開始在小說理論中占據(jù)了核心和主導地位。這 樣，繼歷史一實證主義、審美主義之后，西方結構主義敘述學在回歸 自身的文學理論的復興中實現(xiàn)了小說理論批評自身的功能批評。筆者 相信，在學者們的不斷努力下，敘述學必將沿理論綜合的方向繼續(xù)探 索并不斷向前發(fā)展，為小說理論批評做出更大貢獻。
[Abstract]:On the narrative theory of modern western literary theory, has experienced three Renaissance, namely historical positivism, aesthetics and structuralism narratology. It is closely related with the literature concept in different periods, different people in different ages and ways of thinking are closely related. After two times before the revival of narrative theory. Appearance marks the third Renaissance narrative theory. This theory in the Renaissance, the novel criticism turns to itself and the use of structuralist literary criticism method to realize its function of criticism. As a new subject, narrative criticism both in the practical and theoretical achievements have made important contributions this paper will take place. From the perspective of the rheology of this emerging discipline, to expound its essence, theory and text features, trying to conduct a comprehensive investigation of rhyme essence category, to achieve. To the purpose of effective absorption and reference, the full text is divided into five chapters.
The first chapter focuses on the basis of narrative, including basic literary practice, literary theory and criticism methodology based on three aspects. The origination of narratology and novels, which is closely related to contemporary fiction writing practice. At the same time, as the science for the narrative works, narrative in novels do research, to seize the key of novel style, refined the core category of stylistical characteristics of the novel. The effectiveness of the criticism is not that it is new or old, but that it can grasp the nature of a specific artistic form. Structuralism narratology is the core category of analysis from this novel narrative the style of more effective breakthrough novel in this paper. There is no doubt that the novel theory criticism in the narrative characteristic of the core can be grasped more style than the characters and the plot can be said as the core, The emergence of narratology is the result of the contradictory movement of the two literary criticism methods in the field of literary research, namely, the internal structuralism and the positivist literary criticism. It is the product of the conflict and struggle between the two. It represents the voice of literature theory to enter the research field.
The second chapter focuses on the thinking level, the nature of structuralism narratology. Since the dawn of human history, human beings have been investigating the people's own rhyme exists, the history of western philosophy just embodies this point. A philosophy core or deep essence is thinking, way of thinking is to distinguish between differences the fundamental symbol of different era in the history of thought as a method of literary criticism.
Structuralism is the result of the westerner's way of thinking from traditional to modern. Structuralism
It embodies some of the characteristics of the relative non essentialism way of thinking, which are in turn
The characteristics of the reflection of the way of thinking. Therefore, the emergence of structuralist narratology is not only the West.
The product of social existence is the result of the transformation of people's thinking mode.
The third chapter focuses on the essentialism of narratology at the subject level. The structuralist narrative
The emergence and emergence of learning is not only the product of the existence of Western society, but also the transformation of people's way of thinking.
The new result: at the same time, it is the need for the tendency of comprehensive research in the humanities. It is the human being.
The tendency of liberal arts to tend to a comprehensive study determines the nature of the subject of structuralist narratology.
The uncertainty of subject attributes and the close relationship with linguistics. From the ideological root and the theoretical abyss
From the point of view, the study of structuralism should begin with linguistics and anthropology.
The attribute of the subject is not very clear, according to the different focus of each person's research, it is different from the other.
As a result, the nature of the subject of narratology can be attributed to its subject attributes.
The inaccuracy (attribution is lacking).
The fourth chapter focuses on the epistemological features of structuralist Narratology: internality and extraction
The concept of criticism is determined by the view of literature, and narratology is recognized as the inner theory of literature.
The precondition of the theory of knowledge. Narratology emphasizes that the object of study is intrinsic and concerned with its own interior.
The relationship between the factors is to explore the narrative work itself from the interior of the narrative work.
The second characteristics of the theory of narratology are the emphasis on the abstractness of the object of study.
The object of the study of narratology is rather than the narrative work, rather than the law of the narrative.
The fifth chapter focuses on the textual features of structuralist narratology.
The voice is the text feature of the narrative works, and the author combines the concrete creation practice of the western novels.
The three aspects of the tense situation, the language and the voice are used to discuss the textual features of the narrative works in the West.
The display and expression in the development of the novel enable us to describe the narrative in the text of the novel.
There is a general understanding of the structure pattern, which enhances the understanding of the law of literary narration, and then to the Narratology
This new emerging discipline has a comprehensive grasp and understanding.
The final conclusion is that narratology uses the language pattern of structuralist linguistics to describe the narrative
The works carried out systematic and scientific research, thus getting rid of the previous impressions, biographies, calendars, and calendars.
The method of historical criticism makes the study of the novel reach a scientific level, and also makes the novel a rule.
The study of law, narrative mechanism and so on began to occupy the core and dominant position in the novel theory.
After a historical positivism and aestheticism, Western structuralist narratology was returned
In the revival of his literary theory, the author has realized the functional criticism of the novel's theoretical criticism.
It is believed that, under the constant efforts of the scholars, the Narratology will continue to explore the direction of the theory.
The continuous development of the cable has made a greater contribution to the theoretical criticism of the novel.

【學位授予單位】：東北師范大學
【學位級別】：碩士
【學位授予年份】：2002
【分類號】：I054

【引證文獻】

相關碩士學位論文 前1條

1 于嘉;相聲故事性特征[D];中國藝術研究院;2007年

本文編號：1576439