【摘要】：自20世紀(jì)50年代以來(lái),人工智能在自動(dòng)作曲方面取得了一些進(jìn)展,主要方法包括:基于馬爾科夫鏈和人工神經(jīng)網(wǎng)絡(luò)的相關(guān)機(jī)器學(xué)習(xí)方法,基于音樂(lè)規(guī)則和音樂(lè)文法的知識(shí)庫(kù)系統(tǒng),遺傳進(jìn)化算法,以及分層結(jié)構(gòu)與細(xì)胞自動(dòng)機(jī)理論等方法。這些方法都有不完善的地方,尤其是有關(guān)音樂(lè)結(jié)構(gòu)性的研究方面非常薄弱,生成的樂(lè)曲不具備全局結(jié)構(gòu)性,導(dǎo)致生成的音樂(lè)美感度較低,自動(dòng)化程度不高。為了解決計(jì)算機(jī)自動(dòng)作曲存在的這些問(wèn)題,生成滿足曲式要求的旋律,本文以旋律結(jié)構(gòu)化為目標(biāo),結(jié)合19世紀(jì)西方古典音樂(lè)的一種分層次的和聲結(jié)構(gòu)遞歸簡(jiǎn)化的分析方法——申克分析的分析思路,并輔助和聲學(xué)、旋律發(fā)展結(jié)構(gòu)的相關(guān)樂(lè)理知識(shí),生成了兼顧局部結(jié)構(gòu)性與全局結(jié)構(gòu)性的旋律。首先,結(jié)合申克分析的思想以及和聲進(jìn)行、音程、調(diào)式等音樂(lè)理論,利用產(chǎn)生式規(guī)則生成主干旋律的基本框架。接著利用和聲規(guī)則等相關(guān)音樂(lè)理論將其轉(zhuǎn)化為主干和弦,并利用和弦映射等方法將主干和弦轉(zhuǎn)變?yōu)榫唧w的音符序列,再添加上修飾潤(rùn)色的和弦外音,生成主題樂(lè)句,為旋律的局部結(jié)構(gòu)化奠定基礎(chǔ)。然后,通過(guò)模糊推理方法對(duì)旋律發(fā)展進(jìn)行總體控制,利用設(shè)計(jì)的重復(fù)、音高偏移、樂(lè)句反轉(zhuǎn)等規(guī)則化方法將主題樂(lè)句進(jìn)行擴(kuò)展,從而生成全局結(jié)構(gòu)化的完整旋律。最后,搭建基于旋律結(jié)構(gòu)的自動(dòng)作曲實(shí)驗(yàn)系統(tǒng)平臺(tái),通過(guò)該平臺(tái)生成若干首樂(lè)曲。通過(guò)對(duì)這些樂(lè)曲進(jìn)行抽樣人工評(píng)估和機(jī)器評(píng)估,發(fā)現(xiàn)該方法能輸出兼顧局部結(jié)構(gòu)性和全局結(jié)構(gòu)性的旋律,提高了音樂(lè)美感度,從而提高了作曲的自動(dòng)化程度。該研究在一定程度上解決了計(jì)算機(jī)智能作曲的單調(diào)結(jié)構(gòu)性薄弱的問(wèn)題,促進(jìn)智能作曲在結(jié)構(gòu)方面的進(jìn)一步研究。
[Abstract]:Since the 1950s, artificial intelligence has made some progress in automatic composition, the main methods include: Markov chain and artificial neural network based on the related machine learning methods, Knowledge base system based on music rules and music grammar, genetic evolutionary algorithm, hierarchical structure and cellular automata theory. These methods are not perfect, especially the research on music structure is very weak, the generated music does not have a global structure, resulting in a low aesthetic degree of the generated music, not high degree of automation. In order to solve these problems existing in the automatic composition of music by computer and to generate melodies that meet the requirements of musical form, this paper aims at structuring melody. Combining with the analytic thought of Schenck analysis, a recursive and simplified analytical method of classical western music in the 19th century, and assisting with the relevant musical theory knowledge of the development structure of harmony and melody, The melody of local structure and global structure is generated. First of all, combining with Schenck's theory of analysis and harmony, interval, modulation and other musical theories, the basic framework of the main melody is generated by using the production rules. Then it is transformed into the main chord by using the harmony rules and other relevant music theories, and the main chord is transformed into the specific note sequence by using the method of chord mapping, and then the modified chord external sound is added to generate the theme phrase. Lay the foundation for the partial structure of melody. Then, the development of melody is controlled by fuzzy reasoning method, and the method of design repetition, pitch deviation and sentence inversion is used to expand the topic phrase to generate a global structured complete melody. Finally, an experimental system platform of automatic composition based on melody structure is built, through which several pieces of music are generated. Through the sampling manual and machine evaluation of these compositions, it is found that the method can output the melody which takes into account the local structure and the global structure, improves the aesthetic sensitivity of the music, and thus improves the automatization of composition. To a certain extent, this study solves the monotonous structural weakness of intelligent composition, and promotes the further research on the structure of intelligent composition.
【學(xué)位授予單位】：河南師范大學(xué)
【學(xué)位級(jí)別】：碩士
【學(xué)位授予年份】：2017
【分類(lèi)號(hào)】：J614.6;TP3;TP18

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