本文選題：常德絲弦 + 說(shuō)唱音樂(lè)��； 參考：《湖南科技大學(xué)》2017年碩士論文

【摘要】：絲弦是我國(guó)民間古老的說(shuō)唱藝術(shù),歷史悠久。絲弦有南北之分,北方絲弦以河北的弦索腔為代表,南方絲弦則以常德絲弦為代表。常德絲弦流行于湖南常德地區(qū),是絲弦藝術(shù)中傳播較為廣泛的分支流派,其語(yǔ)言體系為常德當(dāng)?shù)胤窖?音樂(lè)表現(xiàn)形式以說(shuō)唱音樂(lè)為主體,旋律線條流暢、優(yōu)美,唱詞優(yōu)雅、考究。常德絲弦是明末清初時(shí)期由江浙民歌和時(shí)調(diào)小曲傳入常德后與當(dāng)?shù)孛耖g音樂(lè)相結(jié)合,不斷發(fā)展演變而成的民間說(shuō)唱藝術(shù),成為我國(guó)較有影響力的說(shuō)唱藝術(shù)之一,至今已有數(shù)百年發(fā)展歷史。它能夠成為絲弦藝術(shù)中獨(dú)立的分支流派,與其自身的藝術(shù)特點(diǎn)和說(shuō)唱方面的個(gè)性特征是不可分割的。常德絲弦在發(fā)展過(guò)程中不斷汲取本地的音樂(lè)、小調(diào)、戲曲等藝術(shù)文化的精華,融匯于自身的發(fā)展,沉淀下濃郁的獨(dú)具地方文化特點(diǎn)的藝術(shù)特色。常德絲弦的藝術(shù)特征主要表現(xiàn)在它的音樂(lè)形式、音樂(lè)特點(diǎn)、伴奏樂(lè)器、表演方式和說(shuō)唱等多個(gè)方面。在音樂(lè)形式上,常德絲弦根據(jù)不同的演出場(chǎng)所而表現(xiàn)出高度的靈活性;在音樂(lè)特點(diǎn)方面,既留存著外來(lái)音樂(lè)曲調(diào)的原樣,又對(duì)本土民間音樂(lè)、小調(diào)和戲曲等地方藝術(shù)精華進(jìn)行吸收和借鑒,還能給對(duì)外來(lái)和本地音樂(lè)進(jìn)行融合而表現(xiàn)在牌子曲和板腔體音樂(lè)之中;在伴奏樂(lè)器方面主要是以弦索為主的樂(lè)器組合,這種組合也會(huì)依據(jù)不同風(fēng)格的音樂(lè)、不同場(chǎng)所和不同表演形式而表現(xiàn)出不同的伴奏形態(tài),無(wú)論是何種伴奏形態(tài),其主要樂(lè)器都是二胡、三弦、琵琶、揚(yáng)琴、京胡等弦索樂(lè)器。常德絲弦作為一種發(fā)展了幾百年的民間說(shuō)唱藝術(shù),又經(jīng)過(guò)歷代藝人的傳承和改新,其說(shuō)唱方面已形成常德地域文化顯著的風(fēng)格特點(diǎn)。常德絲弦的唱腔結(jié)構(gòu)既有曲牌聯(lián)綴體,也有板腔體,以及曲牌聯(lián)綴和板腔的混合體,方式上是有說(shuō)有唱、說(shuō)唱相間的總體演唱風(fēng)格,其演唱言語(yǔ)方言化。常德絲弦的說(shuō)唱都是在常德方言基礎(chǔ)上依字行腔、以腔帶字來(lái)追求字正腔圓的演唱效果,其唱腔音樂(lè)的旋律曲折細(xì)膩,裝飾音的潤(rùn)腔也增強(qiáng)了音樂(lè)語(yǔ)言契合口語(yǔ)化語(yǔ)言特征。常德絲弦的表演形式多樣,它會(huì)根據(jù)演唱場(chǎng)所的不同而采取坐唱、走唱、表演唱、歌舞群唱等不同形式。但隨著經(jīng)濟(jì)發(fā)展、社會(huì)轉(zhuǎn)型以及外來(lái)文化的不斷滲透,常德絲弦的發(fā)展也受到了很大影響。從傳承藝人現(xiàn)狀來(lái)看,老的傳承人大多已經(jīng)故去,新的傳承者則以城市為中心來(lái)發(fā)展這種藝術(shù),其傳播空間已經(jīng)發(fā)生轉(zhuǎn)移,農(nóng)村環(huán)境中的藝術(shù)形態(tài)存留更不容樂(lè)觀。以城市為中心的后繼傳承者在素質(zhì)教育的推動(dòng)下雖然表現(xiàn)出一定的活力,但傳播方式和傳播渠道的變化也很難將這一新生承繼群體的數(shù)量繼續(xù)擴(kuò)大。從演出現(xiàn)狀來(lái)看,富有現(xiàn)代氣息的新作品不多,質(zhì)量也參差不齊,舊有的受眾群體為數(shù)不多,新生代的受眾群體隔斷程度更高。保護(hù)和創(chuàng)新傳承已時(shí)不待我。常德絲弦要想得以持續(xù)性地發(fā)展,首先需要發(fā)展其藝術(shù)自身,在作品創(chuàng)新、演出形式創(chuàng)新、傳播方式創(chuàng)新等方面多下功夫。其次,加強(qiáng)對(duì)從業(yè)藝人的專業(yè)教育,使口傳心授為主的繼承模式轉(zhuǎn)變?yōu)樗嚾四軌蜃灾鲗W(xué)習(xí)的專業(yè)性的繼承方式。最后,常德絲弦還需要政府持續(xù)保持當(dāng)前的保護(hù)和扶持機(jī)制,支持其發(fā)展和創(chuàng)新。
[Abstract]:The silk string is an ancient Chinese folk rap art with a long history. The silk string is divided into North and south, the northern string is represented by the chord cavities in Hebei, and the southern string is represented by the Changde string. The Changde string is popular in Changde of Hunan, which is a widely spread branch in the art of the silk string, and its language system is the local dialect of Changde and the music table. The present form takes rap as the main body, the melody lines smooth, graceful, elegant, elegant and exquisite. The Changde silk string is a folk rap art which has been developed and evolved from the folk songs of Jiangsu, Zhejiang and local folk music in the late Ming and early Qing Dynasty, which has become one of the most influential rap art in China. It can become an independent branch of the art of the silk string art. It is inseparable from its own characteristics of art and the character of rap. In the course of development, Changde's silk strings draw on the essence of local music, minor, opera and other arts and culture, merge into their own development, and precipitate a rich and unique place. The artistic features of the cultural characteristics. The artistic features of the Changde silk string are mainly manifested in its musical forms, musical features, accompaniment instruments, performing methods and rap. In the form of music, the Changde silk strings show high flexibility according to different places of performance; in the musical characteristics, the original music is retained in the original music tune. It also absorbs and draws lessons from local folk music, minor and opera, and can also integrate foreign and local music in brand music and plate music. In accompaniment instruments, it is mainly composed of string cables. This combination will also be based on different styles of music and different places. Different forms of accompaniment and different forms of accompaniment, no matter what accompaniment forms, the main instruments are the erhu, the three strings, the pipa, the dulcimer, the Beijing Hu and other stringed instruments. The Changde silk string has been a folk rap art developed for several hundred years, and has passed through the inheritance and modification of the artists of the past dynasties, and its rap has formed the regional language of Changde. The singing style of the Changde silk string consists of both the couplet, the plate cavity, the combination of the combination of the music and the plate, the style of singing and the rap, and the dialect of the singing. The rap of the Changde string is pursued on the basis of the dialect of Changde. The singing effect, the melody of the singing music is tortuous and delicate, the moistening cavity of the decorative sound also strengthens the language characteristic of the spoken language. The performance of the Changde silk string is varied. It will take different forms according to the different singing places, such as singing, singing, singing, singing and dancing, and so on. But with the economic development, the social transformation As well as the continuous infiltration of foreign culture, the development of the Changde silk string has also been greatly affected. From the present status of the artist, the old inheritors have been mostly old, and the new inheritors develop this art with the center of the city. The space has been transferred, and the art form in the rural area is not optimistic. The successor of the center has shown certain vitality under the impetus of quality education, but the change of the mode of communication and the change of communication channel is also difficult to expand the number of the new successors. From the present situation, the new works of modern atmosphere are not much, the quality is uneven, the old audience group is few, In order to develop continuously, Changde silk string needs to develop its own art in the first place, in the creation of the works, the innovation of the form of the performance, the innovation of the mode of communication and so on. Secondly, to strengthen the professional education of the practitioners and give priority to the oral and oral teaching. The inheritance model is transformed into a professional inheritance way that the artist can learn independently. Finally, the Changde silk string needs the government to maintain the current protection and support mechanism to support its development and innovation.
【學(xué)位授予單位】：湖南科技大學(xué)
【學(xué)位級(jí)別】：碩士
【學(xué)位授予年份】：2017
【分類號(hào)】：J607

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本文編號(hào)：2062605