【摘要】：地方戲曲是我國傳統(tǒng)文化的重要組成部分,是表現(xiàn)和傳承傳統(tǒng)文化的重要載體。劇團(tuán)作為戲曲傳承與發(fā)展的載體,對地方戲曲的傳播也存在一定的意義與影響。與國營劇團(tuán)不同,民營劇團(tuán)以其扎根農(nóng)村市場、貼近基層為優(yōu)勢,在農(nóng)村市場上占有重要比重。它們的生存與發(fā)展在一定程度上對地方戲曲的傳承與發(fā)展起到作用,也間接支撐起了地方農(nóng)村的精神文明建設(shè)。而新媒體的盛行,多元文化的傳播以及娛樂方式的多樣性,對民營劇團(tuán)的發(fā)展造成了很大程度的沖擊。它們?nèi)绾我揽孔陨淼慕?jīng)營與社會發(fā)展相適應(yīng),面對的具體困難有哪些,現(xiàn)狀如何,前景怎樣,成為值得關(guān)注的問題。本文以晉南臨汾市文化局2016年登記在冊的五家民營戲曲劇團(tuán)(洪洞縣道情劇團(tuán)、隰州蒲劇團(tuán)、浮山木偶藝術(shù)團(tuán)、臨汾開發(fā)區(qū)蒲劇團(tuán)、臨汾青年眉戶團(tuán))和堯鄉(xiāng)春劇社為主要考察對象,對其2010年以來的生存狀況進(jìn)行較全面的剖析。由于洪洞縣道情劇團(tuán)成立時間較短,浮山木偶藝術(shù)團(tuán)已有學(xué)者進(jìn)行研究與調(diào)查,筆者主要對臨汾青年眉戶劇團(tuán)、臨汾開發(fā)區(qū)蒲劇團(tuán)、隰州蒲劇團(tuán)、堯鄉(xiāng)春劇社進(jìn)行田野調(diào)查,對洪洞道情劇團(tuán)與浮山木偶藝術(shù)團(tuán)進(jìn)行簡單的了解。此外,為與這些民營劇團(tuán)進(jìn)行簡單對比,還對翼城縣兩個縣級的國營劇團(tuán)進(jìn)行了跟團(tuán)調(diào)查。文章主要從六個部分展開論述:第一部分,介紹本文的研究對象、目的、意義以及創(chuàng)新之處。第二部分,介紹臨汾民營戲曲表演團(tuán)體的生存環(huán)境與現(xiàn)狀。第三部分,對臨汾民營戲曲表演團(tuán)體的內(nèi)部構(gòu)成及生活加以詳細(xì)介紹,加深人們對民營團(tuán)體的認(rèn)識。第四部分,通過分析臨汾民營戲曲表演團(tuán)體經(jīng)營與管理,展示其真實(shí)的現(xiàn)狀,探究其優(yōu)劣。經(jīng)筆者調(diào)查,臨汾民營戲曲表演團(tuán)體的經(jīng)濟(jì)運(yùn)作資金來源方式多樣化,主要為個人資金、貸款、賒賬、企業(yè)資助以及盈利利潤的方式。在演出運(yùn)作上,臺口的來源亦是多樣化,主要以外聯(lián)和團(tuán)體中各種人際關(guān)系為主。同時,其人員管理存在一些不穩(wěn)定的因素,人員流動現(xiàn)象比較嚴(yán)重。第五部分,介紹臨汾民營戲曲表演團(tuán)體的演出情況。臨汾民營戲曲表演團(tuán)體演出形式為本戲和折子戲兩種,劇目類型以傳統(tǒng)劇目為主。其活動范圍集中在臨運(yùn)兩地,以商業(yè)性演出為主,經(jīng)常與廟會、集會、節(jié)日等活動相連接。通過對其演出情況的詳細(xì)介紹與分析,探究其市場份額和市場占有率。第六部分,臨汾民營戲曲表演團(tuán)體在發(fā)展過程中優(yōu)勢與劣勢并存,雖然一直在堅(jiān)持,但也相應(yīng)存在一些問題與困難,有繁榮也有衰落。筆者認(rèn)為臨汾民營戲曲表演團(tuán)體應(yīng)繼續(xù)堅(jiān)持走市場化發(fā)展道路,精益求精,爭取更多的市場份額。而政府也應(yīng)合理規(guī)范市場秩序,給予政策支持與人員支持,以提高戲曲演出質(zhì)量,將臨汾地區(qū)戲曲推向繁榮。
[Abstract]:Local opera is an important part of Chinese traditional culture and an important carrier for expressing and inheriting traditional culture. As the carrier of opera inheritance and development, drama troupe also has certain significance and influence on the dissemination of local opera. Different from the state-owned theatrical troupe, the private theatrical troupe occupies an important proportion in the rural market because it takes its roots in the rural market and is close to the grass-roots level. To a certain extent, their survival and development play a role in the inheritance and development of local operas, and indirectly support the construction of spiritual civilization in local rural areas. The prevalence of new media, the spread of multiculturalism and the diversity of entertainment methods have caused a great impact on the development of private theatrical troupes. How to rely on their own management to adapt to social development, what are the specific difficulties they face, what are the present situation and prospects, has become a problem worthy of attention. In this paper, five private opera troupes (Hongdong County Taoist Opera Troupe, Xizhou Pu Opera Troupe, Fushan Puppet Art Troupe, Linfen Development Zone Pu Opera Troupe) registered by Linfen City Culture Bureau in 2016 are listed in this paper. Linfen Youth Meihu Troupe) and Yao Xiang Spring Opera Club are the main objects of investigation, and make a comprehensive analysis of their living conditions since 2010. Due to the short establishment time of Hongdong County Taoist Drama Troupe, some scholars of Fushan Puppet Art Troupe have carried out research and investigation. The author mainly carries on the field investigation to Linfen Youth Meihu Opera Troupe, Linfen Development Zone Pu Opera Troupe, Xizhou Pu Opera Troupe, Yao Township Spring Opera Company. A simple understanding of Hongdongdao drama troupe and Fushan puppet art troupe. In addition, in order to make a simple comparison with these private theatrical troupes, two state-owned theatrical troupes in Yicheng County were investigated. The article mainly discusses from six parts: the first part introduces the research object, purpose, significance and innovation of this paper. The second part introduces the living environment and present situation of Linfen private opera performing groups. The third part introduces the internal composition and life of Linfen private opera performance group in detail, and deepens people's understanding of private organization. The fourth part, through the analysis of Linfen private opera performance group management, show its real situation, explore its advantages and disadvantages. Through the author's investigation, the sources of economic operation funds of Linfen private opera performance groups are diversified, mainly personal funds, loans, credit, enterprise support and profit. In the operation of the performance, the source of Taiwan is also diversified, mainly to reach out and all kinds of interpersonal relationships in the group. At the same time, there are some unstable factors in its personnel management, and the phenomenon of personnel movement is more serious. The fifth part introduces the performance of Linfen private opera performing groups. Linfen private opera performance group performance form is this play and folding son opera, the repertoire type is mainly the traditional drama. Its scope of activities is concentrated in Linyun, mainly commercial performances, often connected with temple fairs, gatherings, festivals and other activities. Through the detailed introduction and analysis of its performance, this paper probes into its market share and market share. In the sixth part, the advantages and disadvantages of Linfen private opera performing groups coexist in the process of development, although they have been insisting, but there are also some problems and difficulties, prosperity and decline. The author believes that Linfen private opera performing groups should continue to follow the road of market-oriented development, strive for improvement, and strive for more market share. And the government should also reasonably standardize the market order, give policy support and personnel support, in order to improve the quality of opera performance, Linfen area opera to prosperity.
【學(xué)位授予單位】：山西師范大學(xué)
【學(xué)位級別】：碩士
【學(xué)位授予年份】：2017
【分類號】：J809.2

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