本文選題：清代前中期　切入點(diǎn)：折子戲　出處：《廣西師范大學(xué)》2011年碩士論文　論文類型：學(xué)位論文

【摘要】：折子戲是指從全本戲中“選取情節(jié)相對完整、表演比較精彩的一出或數(shù)出單獨(dú)上演的形式”,也有人把這種形式稱為“單出”、“散出”或者“零出”。根據(jù)現(xiàn)有資料,折子戲自明代正德年間興起,經(jīng)歷上百年的發(fā)展,在清康乾之際,便取代了全本戲的主體地位,成為了戲曲舞臺上的至今仍長盛不衰的表演形式。 完成于清乾隆三十九年(1774)的《綴白裘》是折子戲的集大成者,它的出現(xiàn)不僅標(biāo)志著“昆劇演出史上全本戲時代的結(jié)束,從此之后,進(jìn)入了以演折子戲為主的階段”,而且還為保存花部地方戲的原生態(tài)面貌做了巨大貢獻(xiàn)�？杏谇宓拦馐哪�(1834)的《審音鑒古錄》(原稿可能出于乾隆中期)不僅保存了當(dāng)時劇壇流行的劇目,更是對昆劇的表演起到了指導(dǎo)和規(guī)范的作用,具有明顯的舞臺指向。此外,還有清無名氏的《千家合錦》、《萬家合錦》等諸多選本的行世。 明清家樂的勃興和與普及,為折子戲的生存與發(fā)展提供了良好的土壤。形式靈活,表演精湛的折子戲很快的受到了士大夫階級的喜愛。而士大夫文人階層對折子戲的接受,又反過來促進(jìn)了戲曲選本的風(fēng)行。而在禁中,戲曲表演明顯也受到了統(tǒng)治階級的青睞�？涤呵�,戲曲活動頻繁而盛大,據(jù)有關(guān)資料顯示,表演劇目大多為短小承應(yīng)的折子戲。在民間,著名戲班也以演出折子戲為主要的生存發(fā)展方式。 清嘉道之前折子戲的全面繁榮,固然有傳奇體制自身弊病的原因,但主要體現(xiàn)了戲曲向民間的回歸和日益商業(yè)化的趨勢。但是鄭振鐸先生卻指出：“劇壇上漸漸的少演‘全本戲’,我認(rèn)為這是一種進(jìn)步,并不是退步。”折子戲的興盛,不僅有利于豐富提高戲曲的表演藝術(shù),更促進(jìn)了各行腳色形成并發(fā)展自己的本工戲,這也為后代戲曲表演藝術(shù)流派的形成做了準(zhǔn)備。最為難得是,伴隨著折子戲而產(chǎn)生的戲曲選本熱潮,為保存大量的佚失劇目做出了難以估量的貢獻(xiàn)。 緒論部分主要闡述了論文的選題緣起和意義,并對折子戲的研究情況做一綜述,最后對折子戲的概念做界定。 本文第一章主要探討折子戲在清代前中期全盛原因并在此基礎(chǔ)上重現(xiàn)折子戲全盛期的面貌。折子戲在此段時期得以全盛發(fā)展一方面由于清前中期戲曲政策的推動,另一方面是傳奇這一文體自身弊病的出現(xiàn)而導(dǎo)致文人創(chuàng)作傳奇劇本+熱情的消失。在康雍乾三朝,單本戲逐漸取代全本戲,禁中節(jié)令承應(yīng)也多為折子戲的形式。在士大夫中,家班的繁盛也推動了折子戲的發(fā)展。在民間,大量職業(yè)戲班的出現(xiàn),也和折子戲的繁盛有著密切的關(guān)系。 本文第二章主要探討折子戲的選本。隨著《綴白裘》、《審音鑒古錄》等折子戲選本的出現(xiàn)和各種昆劇身段譜的行世,折子戲的舞臺指向性愈發(fā)明顯。然而,折子戲在文學(xué)上卻顯示出與全本戲一致的審美趨向。從現(xiàn)世的折子戲選本和演出記錄可以看出它的內(nèi)容逐漸由個人情感轉(zhuǎn)向道德教化,語言風(fēng)格也逐漸由雅音轉(zhuǎn)為俗曲。 本文第三章是折子戲的藝術(shù)表演方面的研究。從表演場所、表演看點(diǎn)和教習(xí)傳承三個方面,研究折子戲的完整且成熟的表演藝術(shù)和傳承方式。 本文第四章從戲曲民間化的角度探討折子戲的價值和其影響。隨著折子戲表演藝術(shù)的日臻成熟,文學(xué)性逐漸消退。另一方面由于折子戲藝術(shù)的完備,其對地方小戲的產(chǎn)生與繁榮也起到了不可估量的作用。 結(jié)語部分指出了論文的不足之處和存在的問題。
[Abstract]:ZheZiXi from all the drama in the "select the plot is relatively complete, performing a comparison or a few wonderful individual staged form", there are people who have this form is called "single", "shed" or "zero". According to the existing data, ZheZiXi from the Ming Dynasty Zhengde rise, development experience for hundreds of years, in the occasion of Kangxi, will be replaced by the dominant position of all the drama, become the performances are still enduring on the opera stage.
Completed in thirty-nine years of Qianlong (1774) > > with white fur is a master of ZheZiXi, it not only marked the emergence of "Kunqu opera performances in the history of the whole opera era came to an end. Since then, in a speech ZheZiXi to the main stage, but also made a great contribution to the preservation of the original ecological landscape flowers the Ministry of local opera. Fourteen years began in the Qing Dynasty (1834)" the Kam ancient recorded sound > (the original may be out of mid Qianlong) not only preserved the popular Repertory Theater at the time, is to guide and regulate the role of Kunqu opera performances, the stage has obvious point. In addition, there are clear. The < > 1000 with Jin, the world bank "wanjiahe Jin > and many of the anthology.
Kellogg's emergence and with the popularity of the Ming and Qing Dynasties, provides a good soil for the survival and development of the opera. The form of flexible, exquisite performance ZheZiXi quickly class loved by the literati. The literati literati acceptance of the opera, in turn promote the popularity of drama anthology. In the cut, opera performances was also favored by the ruling class. Kangxi of three dynasties, frequent and grand opera activities, according to the relevant data show that plays mostly short commitment should be the highlights. In the folk, the famous opera troupe also performed as the main way of survival and development.
Before the Qing Jia Dao opera prosperity, of course there are reasons for the ills of the legendary system itself, but mainly reflects the return of opera to the people and the growing commercial trend. But Mr. Zheng Zhenduo has pointed out: "gradually the little theater play on 'drama', I think this is a step forward, not backward." excerpts of prosperity, not only conducive to improve and enrich the opera performing arts, but also promote the formation and development of their own line of role play in this work, it also made preparations for the formation of offspring drama genre. The most rare is accompanied by a folding sub game and have a drama anthology craze made immeasurable the contribution to preserve a large number of lost repertoire.
The introduction part mainly describes the topic origin and significance, and the research situation of the opera are reviewed, and finally make the concept of excerpts defined.
The first chapter mainly discusses excerpts in the Qing Dynasty before the mid peak and on this basis to reproduce the look of opera heyday. Its development on the one hand to promote the drama policy before the middle of Qing Dynasty opera during this period, on the other hand there is the legend of the style of their own disease caused disadvantages of legendary literary scripts creative passion.. three in Kangxi Dynasty, one of the gradual replacement of the whole drama, contractors should be prohibited in the festival are mostly in the form of excerpts. In the literati, the home of the prosperous classes also promoted the development of opera. In the private sector, the emergence of a large number of occupation drama classes, and excerpts of the prosperous have a close relationship.
The second chapter mainly discusses the ZheZiXi anthology. With the < > < with white fur, the world bank appeared Kam ancient recorded sound and so on ZheZiXi Anthology of Kunqu Opera figure spectrum, the opera stage point is becoming increasingly apparent. However, the excerpts were shown in the literature aesthetic trend is consistent with the drama from the opera. The anthology of the secular and the performance records of its contents can be seen gradually shift from the impersonal moral education, language Ya Yin style changed gradually from folk songs.
The third chapter is the research on the art of performing excerpts. From the venues, performers and instructors aspect inheritance of three aspects of excerpts of a complete and mature way of performing arts and heritage.
The fourth chapter discusses excerpts value and its influence from the angle of folk opera. With more mature opera performing arts, literature gradually subsided. On the other hand, the opera art is complete, the production of local opera and prosperity also played an invaluable role.
The concluding part points out the shortcomings and existing problems of the paper.

【學(xué)位授予單位】：廣西師范大學(xué)
【學(xué)位級別】：碩士
【學(xué)位授予年份】：2011
【分類號】：J809.2

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