【摘要】：濟(jì)慈(John Keats,1795-1821)雖然只活了26年，但是作為一個詩人，他的成就是卓越的。他的頌詩在語言和形象上都是英國詩歌的經(jīng)典，堪稱傳世之作。在文藝?yán)碚摲矫�，他的詩論見解大多散見于他給家人、朋友及出版商的書信中。濟(jì)慈在信件中提出的詩歌理論的宗旨在于，強(qiáng)調(diào)想象力的巨大作用,強(qiáng)調(diào)情感的凝聚與抒發(fā)，并在此基礎(chǔ)上提出了吸引后來諸多的評論家注意的“消極能力論”。消極能力論要求“一個人安于不確定的、神秘的、懷疑的境地中,而不急于追究事實(shí)和理由”。濟(jì)慈自己的詩歌創(chuàng)作很好的體現(xiàn)了這一觀點(diǎn)，無論是在頌詩的創(chuàng)作中還是在敘事詩的寫作里，濟(jì)慈都深入體會，展開想象，全力描寫美這一主題。 本文由四個部分組成。第一部分介紹了消極能力論的概念，對消極能力論的誤解“消極和積極”進(jìn)行了探討，并對消極能力論的含義進(jìn)行了剖析，指出消極能力論由由三部分組成：作為目標(biāo)的“真與美”，作為創(chuàng)作效果的“濃烈”和作為創(chuàng)作態(tài)度的“漠不關(guān)心”。第二部分從分析“醒著或是睡著”，“兩個世界”，頌詩中的“真與美”等命題中來分析消極能力論在頌詩中的表現(xiàn)，認(rèn)為對現(xiàn)實(shí)世界與夢境世界，真與美的矛盾的不斷探尋和討論中，作者理論水平和詩藝不斷發(fā)展，消極能力論進(jìn)而慢慢成熟，，頌詩也越來越精致優(yōu)美。第三部分討論“濃烈”效果。濟(jì)慈認(rèn)為，濃烈效果能消除一切矛盾對立因素。正是因?yàn)橥昝赖谋憩F(xiàn)了“濃烈”的效果，《秋頌》成為消極能力論指導(dǎo)下創(chuàng)作出的頌詩的巔峰。第四部分從創(chuàng)作態(tài)度入手，濟(jì)慈認(rèn)為，擁有消極能力論的莎士比亞在《李爾王》中體現(xiàn)出來“詩人無個性”和“漠不關(guān)心”的態(tài)度，是其成功的關(guān)鍵。而濟(jì)慈的六首頌詩中自我的漸漸隱退，也恰好是對“漠不關(guān)心”和詩人無個性的完全表現(xiàn)。 最后得出結(jié)論，濟(jì)慈在頌詩中體現(xiàn)出消極能力論的兩個不同的層面，這表現(xiàn)出消極能力論的發(fā)展和詩人理論和詩藝成熟的過程。消極能力論作為濟(jì)慈詩歌理論中最重要的一條，成就了他在理論上的地位，更讓其頌詩擁有永久的審美價值。
[Abstract]:John Keats,1795-1821 lived for only 26 years, but as a poet, his achievements were remarkable. His eulogy is a classic of English poetry in both language and image, which can be regarded as a masterpiece from generation to generation. In terms of literary theory, most of his poetic views are scattered in his letters to family, friends and publishers. The purpose of Keats's poetry theory in his letter is to emphasize the great role of imagination and the cohesion and expression of emotion, and on this basis, puts forward the "negative ability theory", which attracts the attention of many critics later. Negative competence theory requires "a person to settle in uncertain, mysterious, suspicious situations and not in a hurry to pursue facts and reasons." Keats' own poetry creation reflects this point of view very well. Keats deeply understands, imagines and describes the theme of beauty, both in the creation of eulogizing poems and in the writing of narrative poems. This paper consists of four parts. The first part introduces the concept of negative ability theory, probes into the misunderstanding of negative ability theory, analyzes the meaning of negative ability theory, and points out that negative ability theory consists of three parts: "truth and beauty" as the goal, "strong" as the creative effect and "indifference" as the creative attitude. The second part analyzes the expression of negative ability theory in eulogizing poetry from the propositions of "awake or asleep", "two worlds" and "truth and beauty" in eulogizing poems, and holds that in the continuous exploration and discussion of the contradiction between real world and dream world, truth and beauty, the author's theoretical level and poetic art continue to develop, the theory of negative ability gradually matures, and the eulogy is becoming more and more exquisite and beautiful. The third part discusses the effect of "strong". Keats believes that strong effects can eliminate all contradictory and antagonistic factors. It is precisely because of the perfect expression of the effect of "strong" that "Ode to Autumn" has become the pinnacle of the hymn created under the guidance of negative ability theory. In the fourth part, starting with the creative attitude, Keats believes that Shakespeare, who has the theory of negative ability, embodies the attitude of "poet without personality" and "indifference" in King Lear, which is the key to his success. The gradual retreat of Keats' six eulogizing poems also happens to be a complete expression of indifference and the poet's lack of personality. Finally, it is concluded that Keats embodies two different levels of negative ability theory in eulogizing poetry, which shows the development of negative ability theory and the process of poet theory and poetry art maturity. As the most important part of Keats' poetry theory, negative ability theory has achieved his position in theory and made his eulogy poems have permanent aesthetic value.
【學(xué)位授予單位】：上海師范大學(xué)
【學(xué)位級別】：碩士
【學(xué)位授予年份】：2014
【分類號】：I561.072

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