超越悖論—析梭羅的生活實(shí)驗(yàn)
發(fā)布時(shí)間：2019-05-14 11:10
【摘要】：在19世紀(jì)美國文藝復(fù)興時(shí)期，梭羅是極少受到關(guān)注的作家和思想家，但是隨著20世紀(jì)文學(xué)生態(tài)學(xué)和環(huán)境倫理學(xué)的興起，批評家們開始關(guān)注和解讀《瓦爾登湖》所體現(xiàn)的人與自然的關(guān)系，梭羅也成為了世界性的文化符號，然而過分的關(guān)注和解讀使得梭羅和《瓦爾登湖》幾乎成了自然的代名詞。而他兩年多的神秘林中生活更使不少研究者認(rèn)為他只不過是隱者，甚至批評他是借隱居之名，行欺世盜名之實(shí)。這些誤讀和誤解也進(jìn)一步阻礙了現(xiàn)代社會(huì)人們對梭羅及其作品的接受。 因此，本文試圖通過對他的生活實(shí)驗(yàn)進(jìn)行一個(gè)較為全面、集中的分析來澄清《瓦爾登湖》所呈現(xiàn)的悖論：他一方面竭力呈現(xiàn)林中生活是多么美妙,另一方面卻毅然地拋棄了這種生活；一方面他自稱是林中的隱士，另一方面他還與家人、朋友常有聯(lián)系并進(jìn)行積極反抗社會(huì)的行動(dòng)。最后本文得出結(jié)論：梭羅的生活實(shí)驗(yàn)并非制造了悖論而是對悖論的超越。他表面的遁世既是反對世俗的生活方式，也是為了更好的入世；表面上是反對美國傳統(tǒng)，其實(shí)是暗合了美國的追求、獨(dú)立的精神傳統(tǒng)，而且其目的是更新傳統(tǒng)；選擇了非常態(tài)的生活，其實(shí)是為了探索常態(tài)生活精神性的可能。他的實(shí)驗(yàn)恰恰是對超越二元對立的多種可能性的實(shí)踐。這也是本研究的意義所在，即通過全面認(rèn)識和評判梭羅和《瓦爾登湖》來啟示我們應(yīng)該如何看待自己、看待生活和看待社會(huì)。 文章主要采取文本細(xì)讀的方法，結(jié)合歷史自傳型批評方法，緊密圍繞梭羅開始和結(jié)束林中生活這一矛盾行為背后的原因展開分析。論文的主體分為五部分：第一章對有關(guān)梭羅和《瓦爾登湖》的評論以及由此產(chǎn)生的誤讀和誤解做綜述，從而進(jìn)一步指出本論文的寫作動(dòng)機(jī)及論文結(jié)構(gòu)并對梭羅的生活經(jīng)歷和個(gè)人喜好作簡單介紹。第二章分析梭羅進(jìn)行實(shí)驗(yàn)的原因。梭羅對當(dāng)時(shí)美國人的傳統(tǒng)生活方式不滿，所以通過實(shí)驗(yàn)反對美國的物質(zhì)主義和精神盲從的傳統(tǒng)。第三章進(jìn)一步探究梭羅反對當(dāng)時(shí)美國傳統(tǒng)的精神源泉恰恰是古代東西方的文化傳統(tǒng)。第四章主要分析梭羅在林中的生活，這是梭羅的理念和東西方文化傳統(tǒng)相契合的表現(xiàn)。他林中的生活主要包括以下三方面：簡單生活；有獨(dú)立思想的生活和親近自然的生活。第五章分析梭羅離開瓦爾登湖結(jié)束實(shí)驗(yàn)的原因。在梭羅看來，人們只有不斷更新自己的思想并付諸行動(dòng)，人們建立的傳統(tǒng)才能成為人類發(fā)展的動(dòng)力，否則，它將成為人類痛苦的泥潭。實(shí)驗(yàn)生活，不是傳統(tǒng)意義上的隱居更非沽名釣譽(yù)的假隱，而是一個(gè)不斷更新傳統(tǒng)、激活生命的動(dòng)態(tài)過程。
[Abstract]:During the American Renaissance in the 19th century, Thoreau was a writer and thinker who received little attention, but with the rise of literary ecology and environmental ethics in the 20th century, Critics began to pay attention to and interpret the relationship between man and nature embodied in Walden Lake, and Thoreau has become a worldwide cultural symbol. However, excessive attention and interpretation have made Thoreau and Walden Lake almost synonymous with nature. His life in the mysterious forest for more than two years made many researchers think he was just a hermit, and even criticized him for deceiving the world in the name of seclusion. These misunderstandings and misunderstandings further hindered the acceptance of Thoreau and his works in modern society. Therefore, this paper attempts to clarify the paradox of Walden Lake through a more comprehensive and centralized analysis of his life experiment: on the one hand, he tries to show how wonderful life in the forest is. On the other hand, he resolutely abandoned this life; On the one hand, he claims to be a hermit in the forest, on the other hand, he often contacts with his family and friends and carries out active resistance to society. Finally, this paper concludes that Thoreau's life experiment does not create a paradox, but a transcendence of the paradox. His superficial recluse is not only against the secular way of life, but also for a better entry into the WTO. On the surface, he opposes the American tradition, in fact, it is in line with the pursuit of the United States, the spiritual tradition of independence, and its purpose is to renew the tradition. The choice of abnormal life, in fact, is to explore the spiritual possibility of normal life. His experiment is precisely the practice of transcending the multiple possibilities of binary antagonism. This is also the significance of this study, that is, through a comprehensive understanding and evaluation of Thoreau and Walden Lake to enlighten us how to look at ourselves, life and society. This paper mainly adopts the method of careful reading of the text, combined with the method of historical autobiographical criticism, and closely analyzes the reasons behind the contradictory behavior of Thoreau's beginning and ending life in the forest. The main body of the paper is divided into five parts: the first chapter summarizes the comments on Thoreau and Walden Lake, as well as the resulting misunderstandings and misunderstandings. Thus, the writing motivation and structure of this paper are further pointed out, and Thoreau's life experience and personal preferences are briefly introduced. The second chapter analyzes the reasons for Thoreau's experiment. Thoreau was dissatisfied with the traditional American way of life at that time, so he opposed the American tradition of materialism and spiritual blind obedience through experiments. The third chapter further explores that the spiritual source of Thoreau's opposition to American tradition at that time was the ancient cultural tradition of the East and the West. The fourth chapter mainly analyzes Thoreau's life in the forest, which is the expression of Thoreau's idea and the cultural tradition of the East and the West. His life in the forest mainly includes the following three aspects: simple life, independent life and life close to nature. The fifth chapter analyzes the reasons why Thoreau left Walden Lake to end the experiment. In Thoreau's view, the tradition established by people can become the driving force of human development only if they constantly renew their ideas and put them into action, otherwise, it will become the quagmire of human suffering. Experimental life is not the traditional sense of seclusion is not the false hidden fishing reputation, but a dynamic process of constantly updating the tradition and activating life.
【學(xué)位授予單位】：重慶大學(xué)
【學(xué)位級別】：碩士
【學(xué)位授予年份】：2012
【分類號】：I712.076
本文編號：2476664
[Abstract]:During the American Renaissance in the 19th century, Thoreau was a writer and thinker who received little attention, but with the rise of literary ecology and environmental ethics in the 20th century, Critics began to pay attention to and interpret the relationship between man and nature embodied in Walden Lake, and Thoreau has become a worldwide cultural symbol. However, excessive attention and interpretation have made Thoreau and Walden Lake almost synonymous with nature. His life in the mysterious forest for more than two years made many researchers think he was just a hermit, and even criticized him for deceiving the world in the name of seclusion. These misunderstandings and misunderstandings further hindered the acceptance of Thoreau and his works in modern society. Therefore, this paper attempts to clarify the paradox of Walden Lake through a more comprehensive and centralized analysis of his life experiment: on the one hand, he tries to show how wonderful life in the forest is. On the other hand, he resolutely abandoned this life; On the one hand, he claims to be a hermit in the forest, on the other hand, he often contacts with his family and friends and carries out active resistance to society. Finally, this paper concludes that Thoreau's life experiment does not create a paradox, but a transcendence of the paradox. His superficial recluse is not only against the secular way of life, but also for a better entry into the WTO. On the surface, he opposes the American tradition, in fact, it is in line with the pursuit of the United States, the spiritual tradition of independence, and its purpose is to renew the tradition. The choice of abnormal life, in fact, is to explore the spiritual possibility of normal life. His experiment is precisely the practice of transcending the multiple possibilities of binary antagonism. This is also the significance of this study, that is, through a comprehensive understanding and evaluation of Thoreau and Walden Lake to enlighten us how to look at ourselves, life and society. This paper mainly adopts the method of careful reading of the text, combined with the method of historical autobiographical criticism, and closely analyzes the reasons behind the contradictory behavior of Thoreau's beginning and ending life in the forest. The main body of the paper is divided into five parts: the first chapter summarizes the comments on Thoreau and Walden Lake, as well as the resulting misunderstandings and misunderstandings. Thus, the writing motivation and structure of this paper are further pointed out, and Thoreau's life experience and personal preferences are briefly introduced. The second chapter analyzes the reasons for Thoreau's experiment. Thoreau was dissatisfied with the traditional American way of life at that time, so he opposed the American tradition of materialism and spiritual blind obedience through experiments. The third chapter further explores that the spiritual source of Thoreau's opposition to American tradition at that time was the ancient cultural tradition of the East and the West. The fourth chapter mainly analyzes Thoreau's life in the forest, which is the expression of Thoreau's idea and the cultural tradition of the East and the West. His life in the forest mainly includes the following three aspects: simple life, independent life and life close to nature. The fifth chapter analyzes the reasons why Thoreau left Walden Lake to end the experiment. In Thoreau's view, the tradition established by people can become the driving force of human development only if they constantly renew their ideas and put them into action, otherwise, it will become the quagmire of human suffering. Experimental life is not the traditional sense of seclusion is not the false hidden fishing reputation, but a dynamic process of constantly updating the tradition and activating life.
【學(xué)位授予單位】：重慶大學(xué)
【學(xué)位級別】：碩士
【學(xué)位授予年份】：2012
【分類號】：I712.076
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