福斯特的死亡書寫
發(fā)布時間：2019-03-19 16:53
【摘要】：E.M.福斯特是生活于20世紀上半期的英國著名作家。當時的社會歷史巨變和個人的坎坷遭遇令福斯特有著濃厚的死亡意識。工業(yè)文明和機器化大發(fā)展破壞著人們寧靜祥和的生活,歐洲現(xiàn)代主義非理性思潮的涌起加劇了人們的精神危機,兩次世界大戰(zhàn)更摧毀了生命的神圣莊嚴,展示了死亡的黑暗恐怖。同時,親朋好友的相繼離世,隱秘的同性戀傾向使福斯特焦慮不安,高度關(guān)注生與死的命題。福斯特將時代巨變和個人體驗投射到文本中,形成他獨特的死亡書寫藝術(shù)。福斯特的作品書寫了死亡方式各有不同的幾類人物群像。第一類人物的特點是其死亡具有某種突然性,他們鼓起勇氣挑戰(zhàn)中產(chǎn)階級禁錮虛偽的生活方式,努力尋求精神的充實與完整,卻因無法克服自私、占有欲等突然死亡；第二類人物的死亡方式展現(xiàn)了英國中產(chǎn)階級的空虛無聊,他們生時嚴格遵守中產(chǎn)階級的道德規(guī)范,生命蒼白單調(diào),死后亦空虛冷漠；第三類人物是福斯特心中的理想人物,他(她)們精神充實、和諧寧靜,守護著英格蘭古老的道德遺產(chǎn),卻因殖民擴張等變得萎靡不振,陷入精神危機而走向死亡；第四類人物的代表是摩爾太太,她懷著愛、包容和美好理念渴求實現(xiàn)英印人的聯(lián)結(jié),卻在混沌神秘的印度天空、山洞、宗教中陷入精神危機,基督教信仰被一次次解構(gòu),最終死在印度洋上,魂歸大海。福斯特不僅塑造了死亡方式不同的人物群像,還用獨特的藝術(shù)方式書寫死亡。黑夜、水等構(gòu)成福斯特文本中獨特的死亡意象；追述、省略、精神文化空間、言語空間等形成死亡敘事的時空機制；冷漠淡然的語言形成他書寫死亡的獨具一格的表述風(fēng)格,彰顯了他對肉體死亡的蔑視和對精神生命延續(xù)的期待。從這些死亡方式獨特的人物群像和書寫死亡的藝術(shù)方式中,可以看出福斯特的死亡觀。他認為死亡是外在生活給人造成的突然事故和重大挑戰(zhàn),死亡意味著肉體的毀滅和生命的消失,但又認為死亡并不意味著一切的毀滅,而是自我精神的完成儀式；面對死亡人類應(yīng)該真誠地哀悼痛哭,同時不斷思索死亡的意義,實現(xiàn)生命的價值,達到自我精神的升華。
[Abstract]:E.M. Foster was a famous British writer who lived in the first half of the 20th century. At that time, social and historical changes and personal ups and downs caused Foster to have a strong sense of death. The great development of industrial civilization and robotization has destroyed people's quiet and peaceful lives, and the surge of irrational thoughts of European modernism has exacerbated the spiritual crisis of people, and the two world wars have even destroyed the sanctity and dignity of life. Shows the dark horrors of death. At the same time, relatives and friends died one after another, and the secret homosexual tendency made Foster anxious and highly concerned about the proposition of life and death. Forster projected great changes and personal experiences into the text, forming his unique art of writing death. Foster's work writes about different types of figures in different ways of death. The first kind of characters is characterized by their sudden death. They muster the courage to challenge the hypocritical way of life of the middle class and strive to seek the spiritual fullness and integrity, but die suddenly because they cannot overcome selfishness, possessiveness and so on. The death mode of the second kind of characters shows the emptiness and boredom of the British middle class. They strictly abide by the moral norms of the middle class, their life is pale and monotonous, and they are also empty and indifferent after death. The third kind of characters is the ideal figure in Foster's heart. He or she is full of spirit, harmonious and quiet, guarding England's ancient moral heritage, but because of colonial expansion and so on, they become depressed and fall into spiritual crisis and go to death; The fourth kind of character is represented by Mrs. Moore, who, with the idea of love, tolerance and beauty, craves the connection of the British and Indian people, but falls into a spiritual crisis in the chaotic and mysterious Indian sky, caves and religions, and the Christian faith has been deconstructed over and over again. Finally died in the Indian Ocean, the soul returned to the sea. Forster not only shaped the characters of different ways of death, but also wrote death in a unique artistic way. Night, water and so on constitute the unique death image in Forster's text, trace, omit, spiritual and cultural space, speech space and so on to form the space-time mechanism of death narrative; The indifferent and indifferent language forms his unique expression style of writing death, which shows his contempt for physical death and his expectation for the continuation of spiritual life. From these unique figures and the art of writing death, Forster's view of death can be seen. He believes that death is a sudden accident and great challenge caused by external life. Death means the destruction of the body and the disappearance of life, but also that death does not mean the destruction of all, but the completion ceremony of self-spirit. Facing death, mankind should mourn and cry sincerely, at the same time, constantly ponder the meaning of death, realize the value of life, and achieve the sublimation of self-spirit.
【學(xué)位授予單位】：南京師范大學(xué)
【學(xué)位級別】：碩士
【學(xué)位授予年份】：2014
【分類號】：I561.074
本文編號：2443716
[Abstract]:E.M. Foster was a famous British writer who lived in the first half of the 20th century. At that time, social and historical changes and personal ups and downs caused Foster to have a strong sense of death. The great development of industrial civilization and robotization has destroyed people's quiet and peaceful lives, and the surge of irrational thoughts of European modernism has exacerbated the spiritual crisis of people, and the two world wars have even destroyed the sanctity and dignity of life. Shows the dark horrors of death. At the same time, relatives and friends died one after another, and the secret homosexual tendency made Foster anxious and highly concerned about the proposition of life and death. Forster projected great changes and personal experiences into the text, forming his unique art of writing death. Foster's work writes about different types of figures in different ways of death. The first kind of characters is characterized by their sudden death. They muster the courage to challenge the hypocritical way of life of the middle class and strive to seek the spiritual fullness and integrity, but die suddenly because they cannot overcome selfishness, possessiveness and so on. The death mode of the second kind of characters shows the emptiness and boredom of the British middle class. They strictly abide by the moral norms of the middle class, their life is pale and monotonous, and they are also empty and indifferent after death. The third kind of characters is the ideal figure in Foster's heart. He or she is full of spirit, harmonious and quiet, guarding England's ancient moral heritage, but because of colonial expansion and so on, they become depressed and fall into spiritual crisis and go to death; The fourth kind of character is represented by Mrs. Moore, who, with the idea of love, tolerance and beauty, craves the connection of the British and Indian people, but falls into a spiritual crisis in the chaotic and mysterious Indian sky, caves and religions, and the Christian faith has been deconstructed over and over again. Finally died in the Indian Ocean, the soul returned to the sea. Forster not only shaped the characters of different ways of death, but also wrote death in a unique artistic way. Night, water and so on constitute the unique death image in Forster's text, trace, omit, spiritual and cultural space, speech space and so on to form the space-time mechanism of death narrative; The indifferent and indifferent language forms his unique expression style of writing death, which shows his contempt for physical death and his expectation for the continuation of spiritual life. From these unique figures and the art of writing death, Forster's view of death can be seen. He believes that death is a sudden accident and great challenge caused by external life. Death means the destruction of the body and the disappearance of life, but also that death does not mean the destruction of all, but the completion ceremony of self-spirit. Facing death, mankind should mourn and cry sincerely, at the same time, constantly ponder the meaning of death, realize the value of life, and achieve the sublimation of self-spirit.
【學(xué)位授予單位】：南京師范大學(xué)
【學(xué)位級別】：碩士
【學(xué)位授予年份】：2014
【分類號】：I561.074
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