【摘要】：�？思{小說(shuō)中有諸多的人物走向了死亡。考察這些死去的人物我們會(huì)發(fā)現(xiàn),�？思{沒(méi)有描寫(xiě)人物對(duì)死亡的體驗(yàn),而是向我們展現(xiàn)了逝去的人的生命狀況。他小說(shuō)中有四類(lèi)人物以不同方式的走向了死亡,他們的生存狀態(tài)都在不同程度上表達(dá)了作者對(duì)人性之中罪惡的憂慮和批判。同時(shí),福克納的世界里死亡并不意味著消亡和毀滅,他像其他偉大的作家一樣積極的探尋人類(lèi)的出路。 第一類(lèi)死去的人物可以稱為“罪惡的奴仆”,他們或者沉浸在性欲中不能自拔,或者被怨恨和憤怒吞吃。這類(lèi)人物中還有一種人,他們雖然沒(méi)有死去,卻在對(duì)待自己親人的死亡時(shí)表現(xiàn)出人類(lèi)自私自利的丑陋面目,他們的靈魂是虛空的。這些人的生命讓我們看到人性中的黑暗。第二類(lèi)人物象征著人類(lèi)惡的極致,他們有的充滿貪欲,所做的一切事都為物質(zhì)的利益；有的則是邪惡的代表,所做的事情達(dá)到了邪惡的頂峰。這類(lèi)人讓我們看到失去了價(jià)值標(biāo)準(zhǔn)的人將會(huì)做出怎樣的惡事。第三類(lèi)人物的共同點(diǎn)是無(wú)法進(jìn)行禱告,他們需要并且知道要到上帝那里得到安慰,但他們沒(méi)有到上帝那里去,最后在空虛和心靈的折磨中死去。這些人物讓我們看到離棄信仰的可怕。第四類(lèi)人物的代表是昆丁,他的理想是在在世找到絕對(duì)的“純真”,重回伊甸園的美好,卻發(fā)現(xiàn)現(xiàn)實(shí)根本沒(méi)有這種“絕對(duì)”,便義無(wú)反顧的走向了死亡。昆丁的悲劇在于他找尋“純真”的道路出了問(wèn)題,這個(gè)問(wèn)題也象征著現(xiàn)代人與上帝隔離后的孤獨(dú)和無(wú)助。 福克納不僅僅向我們展示了這些死去的人的生命的荒蕪,他還塑造了一系列美好的人物：莉娜自然淳樸,雖被情人拋棄,卻仍舊樂(lè)觀、堅(jiān)韌,懷著美好的希望接納自己的情人并踏上找尋他的路途；艾薩克·麥卡斯林深信是上帝創(chuàng)造了世界,上帝的話語(yǔ)就是唯一的真理,所以他放棄了本應(yīng)由他繼承的其祖先掠奪來(lái)的土地,他知道上帝創(chuàng)造土地不是要我們?nèi)碛?而是要我們?nèi)ス芾�；迪爾西勇敢、大膽、豪爽、溫存、誠(chéng)實(shí)、虔誠(chéng),是�？思{所欽佩的基督徒的形象,她所信靠的受死又復(fù)活的耶穌讓我們看到了人類(lèi)的希望。這些人物是�？思{對(duì)人類(lèi)前程的探尋,他們告訴我們?nèi)祟?lèi)的希望究竟在何處。
[Abstract]:Many characters in Faulkner's novels go to death. Looking at the dead, we find that Faulkner does not describe the experience of death, but shows us the life of the dead. In his novels, there are four kinds of characters who go to death in different ways, and their living states all express the author's anxiety and criticism of evil in human nature to varying degrees. At the same time, Faulkner's world of death does not mean death and destruction, he like other great writers to actively explore the way out of mankind. The first kind of dead people can be called "evil slaves", they are either immersed in sexual desire, or swallowed by resentment and anger. There is also one such person who, though not dead, treats the death of their loved ones with the ugliness of human selfishness, and their souls are empty. The lives of these people show us the darkness of human nature. The second category symbolizes the extreme evil of mankind. Some of them are full of greed and all they do are for the material good; others are the representatives of evil, and they do things that reach the peak of evil. Such people show us what evil people who lose their value will do. The common denominator of the third category is the inability to pray. They need and know to be comforted by God, but they do not go to God and die of emptiness and spiritual torture. These characters show us the horror of desertion of faith. The representative of the fourth kind of characters is Quentin. His ideal is to find absolute "innocence" in the world and return to the beautiful garden of Eden, only to find that there is no such "absolute" in reality, so he goes to death without turning his back. Quentin's tragedy lies in the fact that there is a problem in his search for "innocence", which symbolizes the isolation and helplessness of modern man from God. Faulkner not only showed us the desolation of the lives of these dead men, but also created a series of beautiful characters: Lena was naturally simple, abandoned by her lover, but still optimistic and resilient. Accept your lover with good hope and set out on the way to find him; Isaac Macaslin was convinced that God had created the world, and that God's word was the only truth, so he gave up the land he should have inherited from his ancestors. He knew that God did not make the land for us to own. But to manage; Dilsie is brave, bold, gentle, honest, and devout, the image of a Christian whom Faulkner admires. Her faith in dead and resurrected Jesus shows us human hope. These characters are Faulkner's quest for human future, they tell us exactly where human hope lies.
【學(xué)位授予單位】：南京師范大學(xué)
【學(xué)位級(jí)別】：碩士
【學(xué)位授予年份】：2012
【分類(lèi)號(hào)】：I712.074

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