作家的局限與良知：《黑暗之心》中人性的新歷史主義分析
發(fā)布時間：2018-11-22 17:09
【摘要】：迄今為止,學(xué)者們已經(jīng)從道德批評、政治研究、原型批評、女權(quán)主義批評、敘事技巧分析、文化和后殖民研究等各個不同的視角對《黑暗之心》加以研究,但從新歷史主義的角度來剖析《黑暗之心》的卻不多見。 本文通過對《黑暗之心》中庫茲墮落問題的探索,用新歷史主義的方法闡釋了康拉德在創(chuàng)作該小說時表現(xiàn)出來的兩面性,既有缺陷,也有作為一名作家的良知。為了系統(tǒng)地闡釋該觀點(diǎn),本文首先批駁了庫茲墮落的兩個原因:Marianna Torgovnich等人提出的原始儀式誘惑論和康拉德的信仰缺失觀。本文認(rèn)為庫茲的墮落源于他的信仰混亂,而這種混亂深深根植于以侵略擴(kuò)張為目的的帝國的意識形態(tài)。從新歷史主義視角分析,康拉德早就知道了這一事實(shí),在小說中,他顛覆了英國政府應(yīng)對國內(nèi)危機(jī)的政策,給種族優(yōu)越論和文明使命論以沉重打擊。然而,由于某些現(xiàn)實(shí)因素,在處理庫茲的墮落問題上,康拉德把原因歸咎于他自身的信仰缺失,而回避了帝國意識形態(tài)造成的信仰混亂這一事實(shí),在帝國主義對人性造成的惡劣影響方面康拉德則保持了沉默,沒有說出庫茲墮落的根源。他反帝的不堅定性主要體現(xiàn)在他對人性的模糊描寫和未說出的人性。這一點(diǎn)充分說明了康拉德對帝國主義意識形態(tài)的包容和鞏固,也體現(xiàn)了他創(chuàng)作小說時的局限。值得慶幸的是,康拉德仍然不失為一位有良知和社會責(zé)任感的作家,在對帝國主義意識形態(tài)完全失望后,他在小說中提出了以理性克制和不斷自省來防止人的墮落,這一方法富有實(shí)際意義。 本文的主要貢獻(xiàn)在于用新歷史主義的方法深入剖析《黑暗之心》中很少有人提到的“庫茲為什么墮落”的問題,并提出庫茲墮落的根源在于帝國主義侵略擴(kuò)張的意識形態(tài),推翻了原有的“原始儀式誘惑論”和“自身信仰缺乏論”。同時闡述了康拉德在創(chuàng)作該小說時表現(xiàn)出來的雙重性,既有缺陷又有良知,并且認(rèn)為康拉德作為一名有良知的作家,他提出的用理性克制和不斷自省的方法來對抗人類的墮落,會對英國當(dāng)時社會的道德提升起到一定的促進(jìn)作用,并且到今天也仍然意義重大。
[Abstract]:So far, scholars have studied Heart of Darkness from a variety of perspectives: moral criticism, political research, archetypal criticism, feminist criticism, narrative analysis, cultural and post-colonial studies. But it is rare to analyze the Heart of Darkness from the perspective of New historicism. Through the exploration of Kuz's depravity in Heart of Darkness, this paper, by using the method of New historicism, explains Conrad's dual character in writing the novel, which has its defects as well as its conscience as a writer. In order to explain this view systematically, this paper first refutes the original ritual temptation theory and Conrad's belief loss theory proposed by: Marianna Torgovnich et al. This paper argues that Kuz's depravity originates from his religious confusion, which is deeply rooted in the ideology of the empire aimed at invasion and expansion. From the perspective of New historicism, Conrad knows this fact for a long time. In his novel, he subverts the British government's policy to deal with the domestic crisis, and deals a heavy blow to the theory of racial superiority and the theory of civilized mission. However, because of some practical factors, Conrad blames his own lack of faith in dealing with the fall of Kuz, and avoids the fact that the faith confusion caused by the ideology of the Empire. Conrad remained silent on the bad effects of imperialism on humanity, failing to say the root cause of Kuz's fall. His anti-imperialist infirmity is mainly reflected in his vague description of human nature and unspoken human nature. This fully illustrates Conrad's tolerance and consolidation of imperialist ideology and his limitations in his novels. Fortunately, Conrad is still a writer with a sense of conscience and a sense of social responsibility. After being completely disappointed with the imperialist ideology, he puts forward in his novels rational restraint and constant introspection to prevent the depravity of human beings. This method is of practical significance. The main contribution of this paper lies in the deep analysis of the "why Kuz degenerates", which is rarely mentioned in the Heart of Darkness, by using the method of new historicism, and it is pointed out that the root of Kuz's depravity lies in the ideology of imperialist aggression and expansion. It overturns the original theory of primordial ritual temptation and the theory of lack of one's own belief. At the same time, it expounds the duality of Conrad's creation of the novel, which has both defects and conscience, and thinks that Conrad, as a writer with conscience, puts forward the method of rational restraint and constant introspection to confront the depravity of mankind. It will promote the moral improvement of the British society, and it still means a lot to this day.
【學(xué)位授予單位】：浙江財經(jīng)學(xué)院
【學(xué)位級別】：碩士
【學(xué)位授予年份】：2012
【分類號】：I561.074
本文編號：2350003
[Abstract]:So far, scholars have studied Heart of Darkness from a variety of perspectives: moral criticism, political research, archetypal criticism, feminist criticism, narrative analysis, cultural and post-colonial studies. But it is rare to analyze the Heart of Darkness from the perspective of New historicism. Through the exploration of Kuz's depravity in Heart of Darkness, this paper, by using the method of New historicism, explains Conrad's dual character in writing the novel, which has its defects as well as its conscience as a writer. In order to explain this view systematically, this paper first refutes the original ritual temptation theory and Conrad's belief loss theory proposed by: Marianna Torgovnich et al. This paper argues that Kuz's depravity originates from his religious confusion, which is deeply rooted in the ideology of the empire aimed at invasion and expansion. From the perspective of New historicism, Conrad knows this fact for a long time. In his novel, he subverts the British government's policy to deal with the domestic crisis, and deals a heavy blow to the theory of racial superiority and the theory of civilized mission. However, because of some practical factors, Conrad blames his own lack of faith in dealing with the fall of Kuz, and avoids the fact that the faith confusion caused by the ideology of the Empire. Conrad remained silent on the bad effects of imperialism on humanity, failing to say the root cause of Kuz's fall. His anti-imperialist infirmity is mainly reflected in his vague description of human nature and unspoken human nature. This fully illustrates Conrad's tolerance and consolidation of imperialist ideology and his limitations in his novels. Fortunately, Conrad is still a writer with a sense of conscience and a sense of social responsibility. After being completely disappointed with the imperialist ideology, he puts forward in his novels rational restraint and constant introspection to prevent the depravity of human beings. This method is of practical significance. The main contribution of this paper lies in the deep analysis of the "why Kuz degenerates", which is rarely mentioned in the Heart of Darkness, by using the method of new historicism, and it is pointed out that the root of Kuz's depravity lies in the ideology of imperialist aggression and expansion. It overturns the original theory of primordial ritual temptation and the theory of lack of one's own belief. At the same time, it expounds the duality of Conrad's creation of the novel, which has both defects and conscience, and thinks that Conrad, as a writer with conscience, puts forward the method of rational restraint and constant introspection to confront the depravity of mankind. It will promote the moral improvement of the British society, and it still means a lot to this day.
【學(xué)位授予單位】：浙江財經(jīng)學(xué)院
【學(xué)位級別】：碩士
【學(xué)位授予年份】：2012
【分類號】：I561.074
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