【摘要】：威廉·�？思{(1897—1962)是二十世紀(jì)美國一位杰出的作家。他扎根在美國南方這片沃土上,借助“約克納帕塔法”世系小說道出了舊南方的深刻社會現(xiàn)實并表達了他對故土“哀其不幸,怒其不爭”的復(fù)雜情感。 《八月之光》是他出版的第七部長篇小說。作者通過對杰弗生鎮(zhèn)十天社會生活的描述,揭示了幾個主要人物的一生及其家族的歷史。他一再強調(diào)自己的寫作目的在于寫人。在人的刻畫中,人性無疑是最基礎(chǔ)的元素。作者在描寫人性的同時,時代的特征及人類的沖突也被一一展現(xiàn)出來。 本文分為四個部分。第一章探討了作者的人道主義立場和薩特存在主義的關(guān)系。第二章試將小說中展現(xiàn)出的人性分為三類：喬·克里斯默斯和喬安娜·伯頓等扭曲的人性、麥克依琴和老海因斯等缺失的人性、莉娜·格羅夫和拜倫·邦奇等光輝的人性。通過深入分析不同人性的特點及形成過程,揭示人性形成的表層原因。第三章結(jié)合美國南方的歷史、文化、傳統(tǒng)和社會現(xiàn)實,深層次分析影響作品中人性形成的主要因素：種族主義、清教主義和性別歧視。第四章從作者的人道主義立場出發(fā),結(jié)合薩特存在主義中關(guān)于人的存在和本質(zhì)、人的自由選擇和責(zé)任等觀點,通過深入地對比分析,旨在叩問人的本質(zhì)和完整的人性。 作為一個人道主義作家,他表達了對人性的贊美和對各種摧殘、異化人性的社會勢力和文化傳統(tǒng)的譴責(zé)。諸多評論家認為�？思{的人道主義思想具有很強的存在主義傾向。他關(guān)懷人性,強調(diào)人的價值和道德完善,并對人類保持著堅定不移的美好信念。 種族主義、清教主義及性別歧視是壓抑和摧殘人性的致命因素。人只有肯定自我的存在價值,通過自由選擇并勇敢地承擔(dān)責(zé)任,才能擁有完整的人性,成為一個真實的自我。
[Abstract]:William Faulkner (1897-1962) is an outstanding American writer in the twentieth century. Rooted in the fertile soil of the southern United States, he spoke of the profound social realities of the old South and expressed his sorrow for his native land with the help of the "Yoknapataphafa" lineage novels. Anger its indisputable complexity. The Light of August is his seventh novel. By describing ten days of social life in Jefferson Town, the author reveals the life of several main characters and the history of their families. He has repeatedly stressed that his purpose of writing is to write people. In the depiction of man, human nature is undoubtedly the most basic element. At the same time of describing human nature, the characteristics of the times and the conflicts of human beings have been revealed one by one. This paper is divided into four parts. The first chapter discusses the relationship between the author's humanitarianism and Sartre existentialism. The second chapter tries to divide the humanity in the novel into three categories: the distorted humanity of Joe Chris and Joana Burton, the missing humanity of McEichen and the Old Hines, and the brilliant humanity of Lena Grove and Byron Bunch. Through in-depth analysis of the characteristics and formation process of different human nature, reveal the surface causes of the formation of human nature. The third chapter combines the history, culture, tradition and social reality of the American South, deeply analyzes the main factors that affect the formation of human nature in the works: racism, Puritanism and sexism. The fourth chapter starts from the author's humanitarian standpoint, combines Sartre existentialism about the existence and essence of human, the free choice and responsibility of human, through in-depth comparative analysis, aims to question the essence and integrity of human nature. As a humanitarian writer, he expresses his praise for human nature and his condemnation of the social forces and cultural traditions that destroy and dissimilate human nature. Many critics think that Faulkner's humanitarianism has a strong existentialist tendency. He cares for human nature, emphasizes human values and moral perfection, and maintains unswerving good faith in human beings. Racism, Puritanism and sexism are deadly factors that suppress and destroy human nature. Only by affirming the existence value of self, choosing freely and taking responsibility bravely, can we have a complete human nature and become a true self.
【學(xué)位授予單位】：青島大學(xué)
【學(xué)位級別】：碩士
【學(xué)位授予年份】：2012
【分類號】：I712.074

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