本文選題：約翰·濟(jì)慈 + 《海披里安》�。� 參考：《中南大學(xué)》2012年碩士論文

【摘要】：英國十九世紀(jì)浪漫派詩人約翰·濟(jì)慈(1795--1821)以其詩歌中對“美”的追求而聞名。在他“美”的理想中,隱含其對人性和歷史的人文主義思考。其長詩《海披里安》雖未完成,卻是他人文思想的代表作品。本文將在浪漫主義時期人文主義的背景下,結(jié)合濟(jì)慈信件中的相關(guān)表述,分析在《海披里安》這部殘篇中,濟(jì)慈人文主義追求的體現(xiàn)形式,他對道德的理解,以及對人性和歷史進(jìn)步過程的思索。 《海披里安》首先從形式上反映了濟(jì)慈的人文主義追求。希臘神話和感性敘述的方式是濟(jì)慈抒寫自己的人文主義思想的獨特方式。古希臘作為人文主義的起源,其神話被濟(jì)慈加以改寫,成為他對現(xiàn)實的人文主義寓言。同時,濟(jì)慈在詩作中對“情感”描述的注重也呼應(yīng)了浪漫主義時期人文思想對感性力量的信任。至于濟(jì)慈在《海披里安》中的人文主義思想則主要體現(xiàn)在他對道德和歷史進(jìn)程的思考之中�！逗Ｅ锇病分�,“美”很大程度上成為道德的標(biāo)志。濟(jì)慈認(rèn)為,只有心靈保持“無私”才能感受真理性的“美”。詩人培養(yǎng)“消極能力”以書寫真“美”,世人則通過培養(yǎng)心靈的“無私”領(lǐng)悟道德的內(nèi)涵。憑藉這一領(lǐng)悟,人將認(rèn)識到苦難的意義,從而得到救贖。濟(jì)慈將這一救贖表述為“智力”到“靈魂”的升華。這便是他道德的理想。這一理想對整個人類社會的應(yīng)用即體現(xiàn)濟(jì)慈對社會歷史進(jìn)程的觀點。和浪漫主義人文思想家一樣,濟(jì)慈強(qiáng)調(diào)人性發(fā)展和歷史發(fā)展的相互交融。濟(jì)慈認(rèn)為,親身經(jīng)驗而獲得的“知識”是推動這兩方面進(jìn)步的重要力量。心靈成長必然經(jīng)歷生活的“神秘”所帶來的迷惑和不安。在“淚之谷”中磨礪將給予人認(rèn)識自身和世界的“知識”,從而提升其對道德的領(lǐng)悟。后人以自身經(jīng)驗對前人的“知識”加以驗證和繼承,從而實現(xiàn)“知識”的積累,人性由此得以發(fā)展,繼而促進(jìn)人類歷史的進(jìn)步。 濟(jì)慈對“美”的定義包含他對道德的思考,他對“知識”的理解又規(guī)定了其道德理想的實現(xiàn)途徑。濟(jì)慈的人文思想和美學(xué)思想緊密交織。這二者的相互交融要求我們既要認(rèn)清濟(jì)慈“美”的追求中對現(xiàn)實的深切關(guān)注,也要承認(rèn)他社會和歷史文本中的美學(xué)訴求。結(jié)合美學(xué)研究濟(jì)慈的人文主義思想必將加深我們對濟(jì)慈其人及其詩歌的理解。
[Abstract]:John Keats (1795-1821), a romantic English poet in the 19th century, is famous for his pursuit of beauty in his poems. In his ideal of beauty, his humanistic thinking about human nature and history is implied. His long poem, Haipirian, is the representative work of his humanistic thought, though it is not finished. Under the background of humanism during the Romantic period and the relevant expressions in Keats' letter, this paper will analyze the form of Keats humanism's pursuit and his understanding of morality in this remnant of "Haipirian". Hyperion reflects Keats's pursuit of humanism in form. Greek mythology and perceptual narration are Keats's unique way of expressing his humanism. As the origin of humanism, ancient Greece's mythology was rewritten by Keats and became his realistic humanistic fable. At the same time, Keats's attention to the description of emotion in his poems echoed the trust of the romantic humanistic thought in the perceptual power. Keats's humanism in Hyperion is mainly reflected in his thoughts on morality and historical process. In Haipirian, Beauty is to a large extent the symbol of morality. Keats believes that the true beauty can only be felt if the mind remains selfless. The poet cultivates "negative ability" to write "beauty" in the book, and the world understands the connotation of morality by cultivating the "selfless" spirit. By this understanding, man will realize the meaning of suffering and thus be redeemed. Keats describes this redemption as the sublimation of intelligence to soul. This is his moral ideal. The application of this ideal to the whole human society reflects Keats's view on the historical process of society. Like romantic humanistic thinkers, Keats emphasizes the intermingling of the development of human nature and the development of history. Keats believes that knowledge gained through personal experience is an important driving force in these two areas of progress. Spiritual growth is bound to experience the mystery of life brought about by confusion and uneasiness. Sharpening in the Valley of tears will give people knowledge about themselves and the world, thus enhancing their moral understanding. Later generations verified and inherited the former "knowledge" with their own experience, so as to realize the accumulation of "knowledge", so that human nature can develop and then promote the progress of human history. Keats's definition of "beauty" includes his thoughts on morality, and his understanding of "knowledge" provides the way to realize his moral ideal. Keats's humanistic thought and aesthetic thought are closely intertwined. The intermingling of the two requires us to recognize Keats' deep concern for reality in his pursuit of "beauty" as well as the aesthetic demands in his social and historical texts. The study of Keats's humanism in combination with aesthetics will deepen our understanding of Keats's people and his poems.
【學(xué)位授予單位】：中南大學(xué)
【學(xué)位級別】：碩士
【學(xué)位授予年份】：2012
【分類號】：I561.072

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