本文選題：威廉·�？思{ + 《我彌留之際》��； 參考：《湖北大學(xué)》2012年碩士論文

【摘要】：威廉·福克納不僅是美國(guó)現(xiàn)代文學(xué)史上一位重要的作家,而且也是世界文學(xué)領(lǐng)域的一位大師。由于他的寫作藝術(shù)精湛獨(dú)到,對(duì)現(xiàn)代美國(guó)小說做出了強(qiáng)有力的貢獻(xiàn),并于1950年12月8日被授予了1949年度的諾貝爾文學(xué)獎(jiǎng)�！陡？思{的小說集》以及《寓言》分別于1951年和1955年兩次榮獲了國(guó)家圖書獎(jiǎng)并且《寓言》又于1955年榮獲普利策獎(jiǎng)。 自80年代中期以來,在美國(guó)發(fā)表的論文、出版的專著以及博士論文中,在英語(yǔ)作家中,關(guān)于�？思{的已占有第二位,僅次于莎士比亞。本文要研究的《我彌留之際》是在短短的6周內(nèi),是�？思{所有的著作中以最快的速度和最自然的語(yǔ)言完成的,并且只字未改。該作曾不止一次被他自己用法語(yǔ)贊揚(yáng)為“神品妙構(gòu)”。國(guó)內(nèi)外對(duì)《我彌留之際》的研究主要包括三大方面：主題、寫作技巧以及體裁,并取得了一定的成就。而近幾年對(duì)該小說的研究主要通過與現(xiàn)代文學(xué)理論和跨學(xué)科理論相結(jié)合來開展的,但是未能對(duì)本德侖一家的解體原因作出進(jìn)一步的研究。由于缺少對(duì)該小說的倫理現(xiàn)象進(jìn)行系統(tǒng)的研究,致使讀者不能將小說中的人物性格同故事創(chuàng)作的歷史背景聯(lián)系起來,從而無法理解作者的創(chuàng)作動(dòng)機(jī)。 文學(xué)倫理學(xué)批評(píng)是由聶珍釗教授于2004年提出的文學(xué)理論。本文運(yùn)用該理論、分兩步先后闡釋了《我彌留之際》中的倫理關(guān)系及其原因。首先,從小說中的三對(duì)關(guān)系入手分析——家庭關(guān)系、人與社會(huì)、以及人與上帝的關(guān)系,發(fā)現(xiàn)了送葬行為本身的倫理悖論是故事矛盾激化的導(dǎo)火索,而倫理悖論的存在源于本德侖一家人的異化,認(rèn)為這種異化不僅由母親的虛無主義、父親的自私、懶惰導(dǎo)致,也應(yīng)歸因于當(dāng)時(shí)社會(huì)的城鄉(xiāng)貧富差距以及人們對(duì)上帝的信仰缺失。然后,通過對(duì)故事創(chuàng)作的歷史背景以及作家的個(gè)人經(jīng)歷進(jìn)行分析,進(jìn)一步挖掘小說情節(jié)怪誕的歷史原因,指出在南北傳統(tǒng)價(jià)值觀極大不同的前提下,南北戰(zhàn)爭(zhēng)后北方的統(tǒng)領(lǐng)對(duì)戰(zhàn)敗者南方,尤其是一度驕傲富裕的南方貴族的自尊心造成極大的傷害,作家像艾迪一樣都是其中一員。他們一方面懷念輝煌的過去,一方面又消極面對(duì)未來。然而南方曾經(jīng)的窮白人,以本德侖以及他的兒子為代表,憑借其強(qiáng)大的自我犧牲和忍耐精神克服困難以迎接屬于他們的明天。 通過以上分析,本文末尾最后得出結(jié)論,認(rèn)為在《我彌留之際》中,福克納通過人與家庭、人與社會(huì)、人與上帝三對(duì)倫理關(guān)系描述了本德侖一家人送葬一行,并將其作為當(dāng)時(shí)社會(huì)的縮影,展現(xiàn)了美國(guó)南北戰(zhàn)爭(zhēng)后社會(huì)的劇變及其對(duì)南方造成的影響,表達(dá)出自己的人道主義立場(chǎng)：他相信只要憑借愛、榮譽(yù)、憐憫、自尊、同情與犧牲,人類最終就一定能夠活下去。
[Abstract]:William Faulkner is not only an important writer in the history of modern American literature, but also a master in the field of world literature. Because of his exquisite writing art, he made a strong contribution to modern American novels. On December 8, 1950, he was awarded the 1949 Nobel Prize for Literature. Faulkner's works and fables won the National Book Award in 1951 and 1955, respectively, and the Fable won the Pulitzer Prize in 1955. Since the mid-1980s, Faulkner has occupied the second place among English writers, second only to Shakespeare, in papers, monographs and doctoral theses published in the United States. The present study of "my dying time" was completed in a short period of six weeks by Faulkner in the quickest and most natural language of all his works, and the word has not been changed. On more than one occasion, the work was praised by himself in French as "divine artistry." There are three main aspects in the study of "my dying time" at home and abroad: theme, writing skills and genres, and some achievements have been made. In recent years, the study of the novel is mainly carried out through the combination of modern literary theory and interdisciplinary theory, but it fails to further study the causes of the disintegration of the Bendelun family. Due to the lack of systematic research on the ethical phenomena of the novel, the reader cannot relate the characters' characters to the historical background of the story creation, and thus can not understand the author's creative motivation. Literary ethics criticism is a literary theory put forward by Professor Nie Zhenzhao in 2004. Based on this theory, this paper explains the ethical relationship and its reasons in "I die" in two steps. First of all, starting with the analysis of three pairs of relationships in the novel-family relations, the relationship between man and society, and between man and God, it is found that the ethical paradox of burial behavior itself is the trigger for the intensification of contradictions in the story. The existence of the ethical paradox originates from the alienation of the Bendelun family, which is not only caused by the nihilism of the mother, the selfishness and laziness of the father, but also attributed to the gap between the rich and the poor in urban and rural areas and the lack of people's belief in God at that time. Then, through the analysis of the historical background of the story creation and the writer's personal experience, the author further excavates the historical reason of the novel's grotesque plot, and points out that under the premise of the great difference of the traditional values between the north and the south, The leader of the North after the Civil War caused great damage to the pride of the defeated South, especially the once proud and wealthy Southern aristocrats, and the writer was one of them, like Eddie. They miss the glorious past on the one hand, and face the future passively on the other. But once the poor whites of the South, represented by Bendron and his son, overcome their difficulties with their strong self-sacrifice and patience to meet their future. At the end of this paper, we conclude that Faulkner describes the Bendelun family's burial line through three pairs of ethical relationships: man and family, man and society, man and God. And took it as a microcosm of the society of that time, showing the dramatic changes in the American post-Civil War society and its impact on the South and expressing his humanitarian position: he believed that only with love, honor, compassion, self-esteem, compassion and sacrifice, Man will surely live in the end.
【學(xué)位授予單位】：湖北大學(xué)
【學(xué)位級(jí)別】：碩士
【學(xué)位授予年份】：2012
【分類號(hào)】：I712.074

【參考文獻(xiàn)】

相關(guān)期刊論文 前10條

1 但漢松;;論《我彌留之際》中的非典型對(duì)話性[J];外國(guó)文學(xué);2008年04期

2 黃瑩;;從精神分析法的俄狄浦斯情結(jié)看《我彌留之際》達(dá)爾的發(fā)瘋[J];寧波廣播電視大學(xué)學(xué)報(bào);2006年02期

3 董麗娟;;狂歡化視角下的《我彌留之際》[J];四川師范大學(xué)學(xué)報(bào)(社會(huì)科學(xué)版);2009年01期

4 許婭;鄙夷還是慶賀——論《我彌留之際》中的喜劇主題[J];四川外語(yǔ)學(xué)院學(xué)報(bào);2004年05期

5 陶潔;對(duì)我國(guó)�？思{研究的回顧與思考[J];四川外語(yǔ)學(xué)院學(xué)報(bào);2005年03期

6 朱振武;威廉·福克納小說的建筑理念[J];四川外語(yǔ)學(xué)院學(xué)報(bào);2005年03期

7 劉國(guó)枝;荒野文學(xué)序列中的《我彌留之際》[J];四川外語(yǔ)學(xué)院學(xué)報(bào);2005年03期

8 孫萬軍;《我彌留之際》的戲仿性[J];四川外語(yǔ)學(xué)院學(xué)報(bào);2005年03期

9 鮑忠明;張浩;;處于漩渦隱喻中心的艾迪——對(duì)《我彌留之際》的瑞法特爾式互文性解讀[J];國(guó)外文學(xué);2009年01期

10 馮季慶;二元對(duì)立形式與�？思{的《我彌留之際》[J];外國(guó)文學(xué)評(píng)論;2002年03期

，

本文編號(hào)：1859196